Outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus in cats, Poland, June to July 2023
Type
Journal article
Language
English
Date issued
2023
Author
Domańska-Blicharz, Katarzyna
Świętoń, Edyta
Świątalska, Agnieszka
Monne, Isabella
Fusaro, Alice
Tarasiuk, Karolina
Wyrostek, Krzysztof
Styś-Fijoł, Natalia
Giza, Aleksandra
Pietruk, Marta
Zecchin, Bianca
Pastori, Ambra
Adaszek, Łukasz
Tomczyk, Grzegorz
Terregino, Calogero
Winiarczyk, Stanisław
Faculty
Wydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej i Nauk o Zwierzętach
Journal
Eurosurveillance
ISSN
1025-496X
Volume
28
Number
31
Pages from-to
art. 2300366
Abstract (EN)
Background
Over a 3-week period in late June/early July 2023, Poland experienced an outbreak caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in cats.
Aim
This study aimed to characterise the identified virus and investigate possible sources of infection.
Methods
We performed next generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of detected viruses in cats.
Results
We sampled 46 cats, and 25 tested positive for avian influenza virus. The identified viruses belong to clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype CH (H5N1 A/Eurasian wigeon/Netherlands/3/2022-like). In Poland, this genotype was responsible for several poultry outbreaks between December 2022 and January 2023 and has been identified only sporadically since February 2023. Viruses from cats were very similar to each other, indicating one common source of infection. In addition, the most closely related virus was detected in a dead white stork in early June. Influenza A(H5N1) viruses from cats possessed two amino acid substitutions in the PB2 protein (526R and 627K) which are two molecular markers of virus adaptation in mammals. The virus detected in the white stork presented one of those mutations (627K), which suggests that the virus that had spilled over to cats was already partially adapted to mammalian species.
Conclusion
The scale of HPAI H5N1 virus infection in cats in Poland is worrying. One of the possible sources seems to be poultry meat, but to date no such meat has been identified with certainty. Surveillance should be stepped up on poultry, but also on certain species of farmed mammals kept close to infected poultry farms.
Over a 3-week period in late June/early July 2023, Poland experienced an outbreak caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in cats.
Aim
This study aimed to characterise the identified virus and investigate possible sources of infection.
Methods
We performed next generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of detected viruses in cats.
Results
We sampled 46 cats, and 25 tested positive for avian influenza virus. The identified viruses belong to clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype CH (H5N1 A/Eurasian wigeon/Netherlands/3/2022-like). In Poland, this genotype was responsible for several poultry outbreaks between December 2022 and January 2023 and has been identified only sporadically since February 2023. Viruses from cats were very similar to each other, indicating one common source of infection. In addition, the most closely related virus was detected in a dead white stork in early June. Influenza A(H5N1) viruses from cats possessed two amino acid substitutions in the PB2 protein (526R and 627K) which are two molecular markers of virus adaptation in mammals. The virus detected in the white stork presented one of those mutations (627K), which suggests that the virus that had spilled over to cats was already partially adapted to mammalian species.
Conclusion
The scale of HPAI H5N1 virus infection in cats in Poland is worrying. One of the possible sources seems to be poultry meat, but to date no such meat has been identified with certainty. Surveillance should be stepped up on poultry, but also on certain species of farmed mammals kept close to infected poultry farms.
License
CC-BY - Attribution
CC-BY - Attribution Open access date
August 3, 2023