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Outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus in cats, Poland, June to July 2023

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dc.abstract.enBackground Over a 3-week period in late June/early July 2023, Poland experienced an outbreak caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in cats. Aim This study aimed to characterise the identified virus and investigate possible sources of infection. Methods We performed next generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of detected viruses in cats. Results We sampled 46 cats, and 25 tested positive for avian influenza virus. The identified viruses belong to clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype CH (H5N1 A/Eurasian wigeon/Netherlands/3/2022-like). In Poland, this genotype was responsible for several poultry outbreaks between December 2022 and January 2023 and has been identified only sporadically since February 2023. Viruses from cats were very similar to each other, indicating one common source of infection. In addition, the most closely related virus was detected in a dead white stork in early June. Influenza A(H5N1) viruses from cats possessed two amino acid substitutions in the PB2 protein (526R and 627K) which are two molecular markers of virus adaptation in mammals. The virus detected in the white stork presented one of those mutations (627K), which suggests that the virus that had spilled over to cats was already partially adapted to mammalian species. Conclusion The scale of HPAI H5N1 virus infection in cats in Poland is worrying. One of the possible sources seems to be poultry meat, but to date no such meat has been identified with certainty. Surveillance should be stepped up on poultry, but also on certain species of farmed mammals kept close to infected poultry farms.
dc.affiliationWydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej i Nauk o Zwierzętach
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Nauk Przedklinicznych i Chorób Zakaźnych
dc.contributor.authorDomańska-Blicharz, Katarzyna
dc.contributor.authorŚwiętoń, Edyta
dc.contributor.authorŚwiątalska, Agnieszka
dc.contributor.authorMonne, Isabella
dc.contributor.authorFusaro, Alice
dc.contributor.authorTarasiuk, Karolina
dc.contributor.authorWyrostek, Krzysztof
dc.contributor.authorStyś-Fijoł, Natalia
dc.contributor.authorGiza, Aleksandra
dc.contributor.authorPietruk, Marta
dc.contributor.authorZecchin, Bianca
dc.contributor.authorPastori, Ambra
dc.contributor.authorAdaszek, Łukasz
dc.contributor.authorPomorska-Mól, Małgorzata
dc.contributor.authorTomczyk, Grzegorz
dc.contributor.authorTerregino, Calogero
dc.contributor.authorWiniarczyk, Stanisław
dc.date.access2025-06-17
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-30T11:49:20Z
dc.date.available2025-09-30T11:49:20Z
dc.date.copyright2023-08-03
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstract<jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Over a 3-week period in late June/early July 2023, Poland experienced an outbreak caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in cats.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Aim</jats:title> <jats:p>This study aimed to characterise the identified virus and investigate possible sources of infection.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We performed next generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of detected viruses in cats.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>We sampled 46 cats, and 25 tested positive for avian influenza virus. The identified viruses belong to clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype CH (H5N1 A/Eurasian wigeon/Netherlands/3/2022-like). In Poland, this genotype was responsible for several poultry outbreaks between December 2022 and January 2023 and has been identified only sporadically since February 2023. Viruses from cats were very similar to each other, indicating one common source of infection. In addition, the most closely related virus was detected in a dead white stork in early June. Influenza A(H5N1) viruses from cats possessed two amino acid substitutions in the PB2 protein (526R and 627K) which are two molecular markers of virus adaptation in mammals. The virus detected in the white stork presented one of those mutations (627K), which suggests that the virus that had spilled over to cats was already partially adapted to mammalian species.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title> <jats:p>The scale of HPAI H5N1 virus infection in cats in Poland is worrying. One of the possible sources seems to be poultry meat, but to date no such meat has been identified with certainty. Surveillance should be stepped up on poultry, but also on certain species of farmed mammals kept close to infected poultry farms.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if10,0
dc.description.number31
dc.description.points140
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume28
dc.identifier.doi10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.31.2300366
dc.identifier.eissn1560-7917
dc.identifier.issn1025-496X
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/5069
dc.identifier.weblinkhttp://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.31.2300366#html_fulltext
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofEurosurveillance
dc.relation.pagesart. 2300366
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.titleOutbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus in cats, Poland, June to July 2023
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue31
oaire.citation.volume28