The Effect of Salinity on Heavy Metal Tolerance in Two Energy Willow Varieties

cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-8658-2691
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-1863-5122
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid06037d89-952e-49ca-8b05-a2d4fb672ae9
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid6a8b732a-4d41-4035-915d-4faca811a0d6
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
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dc.abstract.enThis study evaluated the response of two willow varieties, Salix × smithiana Willd. and Salix viminalis L. var. Gigantea, to selected heavy metals and elevated soil salinity, simulating complex environmental conditions during phytoremediation. Plants propagated from stem cuttings were cultivated in pots under field conditions in soil artificially contaminated with a mixture of Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb salts at two concentration levels representing lower and higher guideline thresholds. Sodium chloride was added to induce salinity stress. S. × smithiana exhibited enhanced growth under combined metal and salinity stress, suggesting efficient tolerance mechanisms. This was reflected in elevated relative water content (RWC) and increased accumulation of Zn and Cd in shoots. In contrast, Gigantea showed growth inhibition and primarily sequestered metals in roots, indicating a stress-avoidance strategy and reduced metal translocation. While salinity alone negatively affected both varieties, its combination with metals mitigated growth reduction in S. × smithiana, possibly due to improved ion homeostasis or cross-tolerance. Zn and Cd displayed the highest bioconcentration and mobility. Based on bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF), S. × smithiana appears suitable for phytoextraction, whereas S. viminalis var. Gigantea appears suitable for phytostabilization. These results support species-specific approaches to phytoremediation in multi-contaminant environments.
dc.affiliationWydział Leśny i Technologii Drewna
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Chemii
dc.contributor.authorDrzewiecka, Kinga
dc.contributor.authorKaźmierczak, Zuzanna
dc.contributor.authorWoźniak, Magdalena
dc.contributor.authorRybak, Michał
dc.date.access2025-07-23
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-30T08:48:52Z
dc.date.available2025-07-30T08:48:52Z
dc.date.copyright2025-06-07
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>This study evaluated the response of two willow varieties, Salix × smithiana Willd. and Salix viminalis L. var. Gigantea, to selected heavy metals and elevated soil salinity, simulating complex environmental conditions during phytoremediation. Plants propagated from stem cuttings were cultivated in pots under field conditions in soil artificially contaminated with a mixture of Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb salts at two concentration levels representing lower and higher guideline thresholds. Sodium chloride was added to induce salinity stress. S. × smithiana exhibited enhanced growth under combined metal and salinity stress, suggesting efficient tolerance mechanisms. This was reflected in elevated relative water content (RWC) and increased accumulation of Zn and Cd in shoots. In contrast, Gigantea showed growth inhibition and primarily sequestered metals in roots, indicating a stress-avoidance strategy and reduced metal translocation. While salinity alone negatively affected both varieties, its combination with metals mitigated growth reduction in S. × smithiana, possibly due to improved ion homeostasis or cross-tolerance. Zn and Cd displayed the highest bioconcentration and mobility. Based on bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF), S. × smithiana appears suitable for phytoextraction, whereas S. viminalis var. Gigantea appears suitable for phytostabilization. These results support species-specific approaches to phytoremediation in multi-contaminant environments.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if4,1
dc.description.number12
dc.description.points70
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume14
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/plants14121747
dc.identifier.eissn2223-7747
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/4020
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/12/1747
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofPlants
dc.relation.pagesart. 1747
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudsend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enenvironmental stress
dc.subject.enmetal uptake
dc.subject.enosmotic stress
dc.subject.enphytoremediation
dc.subject.enSalix sp.
dc.titleThe Effect of Salinity on Heavy Metal Tolerance in Two Energy Willow Varieties
dc.title.volumeSpecial Issue Plant Functioning Under Abiotic Stress
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue12
oaire.citation.volume14