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A comprehensive study demonstrating the influence of the solvent composition on the phytotoxicity of compounds, as exemplified by 2,<scp>4‐D</scp>‐based <scp>ILs</scp> with a choline‐type cation

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cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0003-1470-7026
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-2584-9911
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcidef3ba40f-48c3-4890-9ae0-eb39c599191a
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid059a7097-c104-45fb-9494-ddc2ec07112a
dc.abstract.enBackground: Growing concern for the protection of the environment and existing ecosystems has resulted in increasing consid-eration of phytotoxicity tests as valid ecotoxicological indicators of the potential hazards of the use of ionic liquids (ILs) or anyother chemical. The objective of this study was to gain a detailed understanding of the influence of the solvent composition ofspray solutions on the phytotoxic effect of foliar application of ionic pairs with weak (choline 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate,[Chol][2,4-D]), medium (N-hexylcholine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, [C6 Chol][2,4-D]) and good (N-dodecylcholine2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, [C 12 Chol][2,4-D]) surface-active properties.Results: Experimental results unambiguously demonstrated that the biological activity of the test salt solutions, particularly[Chol][2,4-D] and [C 6 Chol][2,4-D], can be strongly affected by the addition of an organic solvent, such as methanol, ethanol,dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) compared to solutions in pure water. However, the observed tendencyis less pronounced for the compound exhibiting good surface activity, [C 12 Chol][2,4-D].Conclusions: The collected findings show that caution is warranted in the exploitation or modification of methodologies forassessing phytotoxicity to ensure the reliable interpretation of obtained results for environmental risk assessment or buildingquantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models.
dc.affiliationWydział Rolnictwa, Ogrodnictwa i Biotechnologii
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Agronomii
dc.contributor.authorNiemczak, Michał
dc.contributor.authorStachowiak, Witold
dc.contributor.authorKaczmarek, Damian
dc.contributor.authorGrzanka, Monika
dc.contributor.authorSobiech, Łukasz
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-29T06:42:31Z
dc.date.available2025-10-29T06:42:31Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstract<jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Growing concern for the protection of the environment and existing ecosystems has resulted in increasing consideration of phytotoxicity tests as valid ecotoxicological indicators of the potential hazards of the use of ionic liquids (ILs) or any other chemical. The objective of this study was to gain a detailed understanding of the influence of the solvent composition of spray solutions on the phytotoxic effect of foliar application of ionic pairs with weak (choline 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetate, [Chol][2,4‐D]), medium (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic>‐hexylcholine 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetate, [C<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>Chol][2,4‐D]) and good (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic>‐dodecylcholine 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetate, [C<jats:sub>12</jats:sub>Chol][2,4‐D]) surface‐active properties.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Experimental results unambiguously demonstrated that the biological activity of the test salt solutions, particularly [Chol][2,4‐D] and [C<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>Chol][2,4‐D], can be strongly affected by the addition of an organic solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) compared to solutions in pure water. However, the observed tendency is less pronounced for the compound exhibiting good surface activity, [C<jats:sub>12</jats:sub>Chol][2,4‐D].</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>The collected findings show that caution is warranted in the exploitation or modification of methodologies for assessing phytotoxicity to ensure the reliable interpretation of obtained results for environmental risk assessment or building quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.</jats:p></jats:sec>
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if3,8
dc.description.number10
dc.description.points140
dc.description.volume79
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/ps.7543
dc.identifier.eissn1526-4998
dc.identifier.issn1526-498X
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/5566
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofPest Management Science
dc.relation.pages3602-3610
dc.rightsClosedAccess
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.subject.ensurface activity
dc.subject.enherbicides
dc.subject.endevelopment inhibition
dc.subject.enwetting
dc.subject.enterrestrial plants
dc.titleA comprehensive study demonstrating the influence of the solvent composition on the phytotoxicity of compounds, as exemplified by 2,<scp>4‐D</scp>‐based <scp>ILs</scp> with a choline‐type cation
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue10
oaire.citation.volume79