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The Effects of Peruvian maca (Lepidium meyenii) Root Extract on In Vitro Cultured Porcine Fibroblasts and Adipocytes

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cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-0998-7521
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0003-0715-0223
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-4238-0414
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-1041-3576
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid0c22ceb5-e5c6-4f5d-a0fd-8ec91a16efa9
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dc.abstract.enPeruvian maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a plant known for its nutritional and medicinal properties whose use as a supplement in animal diets has attracted much interest. We studied the effects of powdered maca root extract on the growth potential of in vitro cultured porcine cells prior to its use as an additive in animal nutrition. Fibroblast cell viability (MTT), cell proliferation (BrdU), and apoptosis level (TUNEL) were measured for a range of extract doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 10 mg/mL). Transcript levels of CCND1, MCM2, and PCNA genes as molecular markers of cell proliferation were also determined. Next, the effects of maca extract at 2 and 5 mg/mL on in vitro induced adipogenesis were evaluated over eight days of differentiation. The transcript levels of three adipocyte marker genes (CEBPA, PPARG, and FABPB4) were measured at days 0, 4, and 8 of adipose differentiation, and lipid droplet accumulation (BODIPY staining) was also noted. No cytotoxic effect was detected on fibroblast cell viability, and the inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was determined to be IC50 > 10 mg/mL. Doses of maca extract above 3 mg/mL decreased cell proliferation. The transcript level decreased in concentrations above 5 for the MCM2 and PCNA genes. For the CCND1 gene, the transcript level decreased when the greatest maca dose was used. In the in vitro adipogenesis experiment, it was found that the rate of lipid droplet formation increased on day 4 of differentiation for both doses, while decreased lipid droplet formation was observed on day 8 for 5 mg/mL of maca extract. Significant changes were seen in the mRNA level for CEBPA and PPARG on days 4 and 8, while the transcript of FABP4 increased only on day 8 at 2 mg/mL dose. It can be concluded that the addition of Peruvian maca in small doses (<3 mg/mL) has no negative effect on porcine fibroblast growth or proliferation, while 2 mg/mL of maca extract enhances adipocyte differentiation.
dc.affiliationWydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej i Nauk o Zwierzętach
dc.affiliationWydział Leśny i Technologii Drewna
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Genetyki i Podstaw Hodowli Zwierząt​​
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Chemii
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Fizjologii, Biochemii i Biostruktury Zwierząt
dc.contributor.authorLoba-Pasternak, Weronika
dc.contributor.authorAksoy, Mehmet Onur
dc.contributor.authorStuper-Szablewska, Kinga
dc.contributor.authorSzwajkowska-Michałek, Lidia
dc.contributor.authorKołodziejski, Paweł Antoni
dc.contributor.authorSzczerbal, Izabela
dc.contributor.authorNowacka-Woszuk, Joanna
dc.date.access2025-06-12
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-13T06:34:16Z
dc.date.available2025-06-13T06:34:16Z
dc.date.copyright2025-02-12
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>Peruvian maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a plant known for its nutritional and medicinal properties whose use as a supplement in animal diets has attracted much interest. We studied the effects of powdered maca root extract on the growth potential of in vitro cultured porcine cells prior to its use as an additive in animal nutrition. Fibroblast cell viability (MTT), cell proliferation (BrdU), and apoptosis level (TUNEL) were measured for a range of extract doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 10 mg/mL). Transcript levels of CCND1, MCM2, and PCNA genes as molecular markers of cell proliferation were also determined. Next, the effects of maca extract at 2 and 5 mg/mL on in vitro induced adipogenesis were evaluated over eight days of differentiation. The transcript levels of three adipocyte marker genes (CEBPA, PPARG, and FABPB4) were measured at days 0, 4, and 8 of adipose differentiation, and lipid droplet accumulation (BODIPY staining) was also noted. No cytotoxic effect was detected on fibroblast cell viability, and the inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was determined to be IC50 &gt; 10 mg/mL. Doses of maca extract above 3 mg/mL decreased cell proliferation. The transcript level decreased in concentrations above 5 for the MCM2 and PCNA genes. For the CCND1 gene, the transcript level decreased when the greatest maca dose was used. In the in vitro adipogenesis experiment, it was found that the rate of lipid droplet formation increased on day 4 of differentiation for both doses, while decreased lipid droplet formation was observed on day 8 for 5 mg/mL of maca extract. Significant changes were seen in the mRNA level for CEBPA and PPARG on days 4 and 8, while the transcript of FABP4 increased only on day 8 at 2 mg/mL dose. It can be concluded that the addition of Peruvian maca in small doses (&lt;3 mg/mL) has no negative effect on porcine fibroblast growth or proliferation, while 2 mg/mL of maca extract enhances adipocyte differentiation.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_research
dc.description.financecost5922,61
dc.description.if4,2
dc.description.number4
dc.description.points140
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume30
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/molecules30040847
dc.identifier.issn1420-3049
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/2843
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/4/847
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofMolecules
dc.relation.pagesart. 847
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudsend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enmaca
dc.subject.encytotoxicity
dc.subject.enapoptosis
dc.subject.encell viability
dc.subject.engenome stability
dc.subject.enin vitro adipogenesis
dc.subject.enmRNA
dc.subject.enpig
dc.subject.enMSC
dc.titleThe Effects of Peruvian maca (Lepidium meyenii) Root Extract on In Vitro Cultured Porcine Fibroblasts and Adipocytes
dc.title.volumeSpecial Issue Plant-Based Food Science: Chemical Composition and Biological Activity
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue4
oaire.citation.volume30