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How Tillage System Affects the Soil Carbon Dioxide Emission and Wheat Plants Physiological State

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dc.abstract.enThe cultivation or ‘tillage’ system is one of the most important elements of agrotechnology. It affects the condition of the soil, significantly modifying its physical, chemical, and biological properties, and the condition of plants, starting from ensuring appropriate conditions for sowing and plant growth, through influencing the efficiency of photosynthesis and ultimately, the yield. It also affects air transmission and the natural environment by influencing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions potentially. Ultimately, the cultivation system also has an impact on the farmer, providing the opportunity to reduce production costs. The described experiment was established in 1998 at the Brody Agricultural Experimental Station belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Poznań (Poland) on a soil classified as an Albic Luvisol, while the described measurements were carried out in the 2022/2023 season, i.e., 24 years after the establishment of the experiment. Two cultivation methods were compared: Conventional Tillage (CT) and No Tillage (NT). Additionally, the influence of two factors was examined: nitrogen (N) fertilization (0 N—no fertilization, and 130 N–130 kg N∙ha−1) and the growth phase of the winter wheat plants (BBCH: 32, 65 and 75). The growth phase of the plants was assessed according to the method of the Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and CHemische Industrie (BBCH). We present the results of soil properties, soil respiration, wheat plants chlorophyll fluorescence, and grain yield. In our experiment, due to low rainfall, NT cultivation turned out to be beneficial, as it was a key factor influencing the soil properties, including soil organic carbon (SOC) content and soil moisture, and, consequently, creating favorable conditions for plant nutrition and efficiency of photosynthesis. We found a positive effect of NT cultivation on chlorophyll fluorescence, but this did not translate into a greater yield in NT cultivation. However, the decrease in yield due to NT compared to CT was only 5% in fertilized plots, while the average decrease in grain yield resulting from the lack of fertilization was 46%. We demonstrated the influence of soil moisture as well as the growth phase and fertilization on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the soil. We can clearly confirm that the tillage system affected all the parameters discussed in the work.
dc.affiliationWydział Rolnictwa, Ogrodnictwa i Biotechnologii
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Agronomii
dc.contributor.authorSawinska, Zuzanna
dc.contributor.authorRadzikowska-Kujawska, Dominika
dc.contributor.authorBlecharczyk, Andrzej
dc.contributor.authorŚwitek, Stanisław
dc.contributor.authorPiechota, Tomasz
dc.contributor.authorCieślak, Adam
dc.contributor.authorCardenas, Laura M.
dc.contributor.authorLouro-Lopez, Aranzazu
dc.contributor.authorGregory, Andrew S.
dc.contributor.authorColeman, Kevin
dc.contributor.authorLark, R. Murray
dc.date.access2024-11-21
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-21T09:58:04Z
dc.date.available2024-11-21T09:58:04Z
dc.date.copyright2024-09-26
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>The cultivation or ‘tillage’ system is one of the most important elements of agrotechnology. It affects the condition of the soil, significantly modifying its physical, chemical, and biological properties, and the condition of plants, starting from ensuring appropriate conditions for sowing and plant growth, through influencing the efficiency of photosynthesis and ultimately, the yield. It also affects air transmission and the natural environment by influencing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions potentially. Ultimately, the cultivation system also has an impact on the farmer, providing the opportunity to reduce production costs. The described experiment was established in 1998 at the Brody Agricultural Experimental Station belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Poznań (Poland) on a soil classified as an Albic Luvisol, while the described measurements were carried out in the 2022/2023 season, i.e., 24 years after the establishment of the experiment. Two cultivation methods were compared: Conventional Tillage (CT) and No Tillage (NT). Additionally, the influence of two factors was examined: nitrogen (N) fertilization (0 N—no fertilization, and 130 N–130 kg N∙ha−1) and the growth phase of the winter wheat plants (BBCH: 32, 65 and 75). The growth phase of the plants was assessed according to the method of the Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and CHemische Industrie (BBCH). We present the results of soil properties, soil respiration, wheat plants chlorophyll fluorescence, and grain yield. In our experiment, due to low rainfall, NT cultivation turned out to be beneficial, as it was a key factor influencing the soil properties, including soil organic carbon (SOC) content and soil moisture, and, consequently, creating favorable conditions for plant nutrition and efficiency of photosynthesis. We found a positive effect of NT cultivation on chlorophyll fluorescence, but this did not translate into a greater yield in NT cultivation. However, the decrease in yield due to NT compared to CT was only 5% in fertilized plots, while the average decrease in grain yield resulting from the lack of fertilization was 46%. We demonstrated the influence of soil moisture as well as the growth phase and fertilization on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the soil. We can clearly confirm that the tillage system affected all the parameters discussed in the work.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_research
dc.description.financecost4656,62
dc.description.if3,3
dc.description.number10
dc.description.points100
dc.description.reviewreview
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume14
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/agronomy14102220
dc.identifier.issn2073-4395
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/2056
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/10/2220
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationagriculture and horticulture
dc.relation.ispartofAgronomy
dc.relation.pagesart. 2220
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudsend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enreduced tillage
dc.subject.ensoil respiration
dc.subject.enchlorophyll fluorescence
dc.subject.enwinter wheat
dc.titleHow Tillage System Affects the Soil Carbon Dioxide Emission and Wheat Plants Physiological State
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue10
oaire.citation.volume14
project.funder.nameMinisterstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego w ramach Strategii Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu w latach 2024-2026 w zakresie doskonalenia badań naukowych i prac rozwojowych w priorytetowych obszarach badawczych.