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Synthesis and Application of Activated Charcoal from Indonesian Sugar Palm Bunches (Arenga longipes) as a Potential Absorbent for Heavy Metals

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dc.abstract.enActivated charcoals were synthesized from sugar palm bunches (SPB) of the native tree of Arenga longipes in Indonesia. The synthesized activated charcoal (AC) was characterized, and utilized as an absorbent for heavy metals (lead/Pb and copper/Cu) through thermal activation. The synthesis of AC was accomplished through furnace activation at temperatures of 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C. Acid chlorides were blended with the SPB-AC samples at 5% impregnation level and subsequently subjected to washing for activation, resulting in the elimination of volatile substances and ash content, which facilitates the development of a porous structure in the activated charcoal. The proximate analysis results indicated a reduction in weight and moisture content with an increase in activation temperature. The C-O, C=C, O-H stretching chains were not visible in the SPB-AC, indicating that the chains were broken after activation. The treatments at 600°C and 700°C exhibited superior thermal stability relative to the others. Moreover, there was a notable reduction in the signal strength of low-crystallinity amorphous carbon, indicating that the high-temperature treatment substantially altered the structural characteristics of the crystal. The SPB-AC produced at 700°C exhibited a primarily microporous architecture, characterized by a maximal surface area, reduced total pore volume, and small particle size. In conclusion, elevating the activation temperature to 700°C leads to notable improvement in the adsorption of Pb (91.61%) and Cu (95.19%) metals.
dc.affiliationWydział Leśny i Technologii Drewna
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Meblarstwa
dc.contributor.authorHakim, Luthfi
dc.contributor.authorLubis, Yunida Syafriani
dc.contributor.authorIswanto, Apri Heri
dc.contributor.authorManurung, Harisyah
dc.contributor.authorJayusman, Jayusman
dc.contributor.authorFatriasari, Widya
dc.contributor.authorAntov, Petar
dc.contributor.authorRogoziński, Tomasz
dc.contributor.authorHua, Lee Seng
dc.contributor.authorAzelee, Nur Izyan Wan
dc.date.access2026-01-07
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-07T10:47:08Z
dc.date.available2026-01-07T10:47:08Z
dc.date.copyright2025-12-23
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.number12
dc.description.points20
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume13
dc.identifier.doi10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0078
dc.identifier.eissn2164-6341
dc.identifier.issn2164-6325
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/6624
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.techscience.com/jrm/v13n12/65016
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Renewable Materials
dc.relation.pages2355-2373
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enabsorbent
dc.subject.enactivated charcoal
dc.subject.enArenga longipes
dc.subject.enheavy metal
dc.subject.ensugar palm bunch
dc.titleSynthesis and Application of Activated Charcoal from Indonesian Sugar Palm Bunches (Arenga longipes) as a Potential Absorbent for Heavy Metals
dc.title.volumeSpecial Issue: Advances in Eco-friendly Wood-Based Composites: Design, Manufacturing, Properties and Applications
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue12
oaire.citation.volume13