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The Effect of the Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria and Companion Red Clover on the Total Protein Content and Yield of the Grain of Spring Barley Grown in a System of Organic Agriculture

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cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-4237-6407
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcidbed1e4f8-04b9-4a1e-939f-aa94095604ec
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dc.abstract.enField research was conducted in Poland from 2019–2021 to determine the effect of the bacteria Azospirillum lipoferum Br17 and Azotobacter chroococcum, as well as companion red clover on the total protein content and yield in the grain of spring barley cultivated in a system of organic agriculture. Two factors were examined in the field experiment: I. bacterial formulations: 1—control, 2—nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azospirillum lipoferum Br17, Azotobacter chroococcum), 3—nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azospirillum lipoferum Br17, Azotobacter chroococcum) + phosphorus-releasing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum, Arthrobacter agilis), and 4—nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum) + plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens); II. companion crop: control without a companion crop, red clover, and red clover + Italian ryegrass. In spring barley grain, the total protein content was determined and the total protein yield was calculated. The obtained study results demonstrated that the growing season conditions significantly affected the total protein content and yield in the spring barley grain. The highest total protein content was recorded in the grain of spring barley following an application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum) combined with PGPR (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens) and grown with companion red clover.
dc.affiliationWydział Rolnictwa, Ogrodnictwa i Bioinżynierii
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Gleboznawstwa i Mikrobiologii
dc.contributor.authorPłaza, Anna
dc.contributor.authorNiewiadomska, Alicja
dc.contributor.authorGórski, Rafał
dc.contributor.authorRudziński, Robert
dc.contributor.authorRzążewska, Emilia
dc.date.access2025-12-11
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-12T07:11:32Z
dc.date.available2025-12-12T07:11:32Z
dc.date.copyright2022-06-24
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>Field research was conducted in Poland from 2019–2021 to determine the effect of the bacteria Azospirillumlipoferum Br17 and Azotobacter chroococcum, as well as companion red clover on the total protein content and yield in the grain of spring barley cultivated in a system of organic agriculture. Two factors were examined in the field experiment: I. bacterial formulations: 1—control, 2—nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azospirillumlipoferum Br17, Azotobacter chroococcum), 3—nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azospirillumlipoferum Br17, Azotobacter chroococcum) + phosphorus-releasing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum, Arthrobacter agilis), and 4—nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum) + plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens); II. companion crop: control without a companion crop, red clover, and red clover + Italian ryegrass. In spring barley grain, the total protein content was determined and the total protein yield was calculated. The obtained study results demonstrated that the growing season conditions significantly affected the total protein content and yield in the spring barley grain. The highest total protein content was recorded in the grain of spring barley following an application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum) combined with PGPR (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens) and grown with companion red clover.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if100
dc.description.number7
dc.description.points3,7
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume12
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/agronomy12071522
dc.identifier.issn2073-4395
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/6361
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/7/1522
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofAgronomy
dc.relation.pagesart. 1522
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enspring barley
dc.subject.entotal protein
dc.subject.ennitrogen-fixing bacteria
dc.subject.encompanion crop
dc.subject.enorganic agriculture
dc.titleThe Effect of the Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria and Companion Red Clover on the Total Protein Content and Yield of the Grain of Spring Barley Grown in a System of Organic Agriculture
dc.title.volumeSpecial Issue Nitrogen Cycle in Farming Systems
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue7
oaire.citation.volume12