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The effect of ensiled paulownia leaves in a high-forage diet on ruminal fermentation, methane production, fatty acid composition, and milk production performance of dairy cows

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cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0003-0715-0223
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid1cbd8c73-bcc9-49b4-a4d0-07e52c3c7001
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid765a870a-84d2-4afa-bbf8-e55a99e20a9b
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcida70fdbf9-36a9-4137-b5a3-379860f8ebe4
dc.abstract.enBackground: The use of industrial by-products rich in bioactive compounds as animal feeds can reduce greenhouse gas production. Paulownia leaves silage (PLS) was supplemented to dairy cows’ diet and evaluated in vitro (Exp. 1; Rusitec) and in vivo (Exp. 2, cannulated lactating dairy cows and Exp. 3, non-cannulated lactating dairy cows). The study investigated the PLS effect on ruminal fermentation, microbial populations, methane production and concen tration, dry matter intake (DMI), and fatty acid (FA) proportions in ruminal fluid and milk. Results: Several variables of the ruminal fluid were changed in response to the inclusion of PLS. In Exp. 1, the pH increased linearly and quadratically, whereas ammonia and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations increased lin early and cubically. A linear, quadratic, and cubical decrease in methane concentration was observed with increasing dose of the PLS. Exp. 2 revealed an increase in ruminal pH and ammonia concentrations, but no changes in total VFA concentration. Inclusion of PLS increased ruminal propionate (at 3 h and 6 h after feeding), isovalerate, and valerate concentrations. Addition of PLS also affected several populations of the analyzed microorganisms. The abundances of protozoa and bacteria were increased, whereas the abundance of archaea were decreased by PLS. Methane produc tion decreased by 11% and 14% in PLS-fed cows compared to the control in Exp. 2 and 3, respectively. Exp. 3 revealed a reduction in the milk protein and lactose yield in the PLS-fed cows, but no effect on DMI and energy corrected milk yield. Also, the PLS diet affected the ruminal biohydrogenation process with an increased proportions of C18:3 cis-9 cis-12 cis-15, conjugated linoleic acid, C18:1 trans-11 FA, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and reduced n6/n3 ratio and saturated fatty acids (SFA) proportion in milk. The relative transcript abundances of the 5 of 6 analyzed genes regulating FA metabolism increased. Conclusions: The dietary PLS replacing the alfalfa silage at 60 g/kg diet can reduce the methane emission and improve milk quality with greater proportions of PUFA, including conjugated linoleic acid, and C18:1 trans-11 along with reduction of SFA.
dc.affiliationWydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej i Nauk o Zwierzętach
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Żywienia Zwierząt
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Zoologii
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Genetyki i Podstaw Hodowli Zwierząt​​
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Haihao
dc.contributor.authorCieślak, Dorota Marta
dc.contributor.authorSzumacher, Małgorzata
dc.contributor.authorPatra, Amlan Kumar
dc.contributor.authorKozłowska, Martyna
dc.contributor.authorKołodziejski, Paweł
dc.contributor.authorGao, Min
dc.contributor.authorŚlusarczyk, Sylwester
dc.contributor.authorPetrič, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorCieślak, Adam
dc.date.access2026-03-09
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-09T08:57:15Z
dc.date.available2026-03-09T08:57:15Z
dc.date.copyright2022-08-12
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstract<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>The use of industrial by-products rich in bioactive compounds as animal feeds can reduce greenhouse gas production. Paulownia leaves silage (PLS) was supplemented to dairy cows' diet and evaluated in vitro (Exp. 1; Rusitec) and in vivo (Exp. 2, cannulated lactating dairy cows and Exp. 3, non-cannulated lactating dairy cows). The study investigated the PLS effect on ruminal fermentation, microbial populations, methane production and concentration, dry matter intake (DMI), and fatty acid (FA) proportions in ruminal fluid and milk.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Several variables of the ruminal fluid were changed in response to the inclusion of PLS. In Exp. 1, the pH increased linearly and quadratically, whereas ammonia and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations increased linearly and cubically. A linear, quadratic, and cubical decrease in methane concentration was observed with increasing dose of the PLS. Exp. 2 revealed an increase in ruminal pH and ammonia concentrations, but no changes in total VFA concentration. Inclusion of PLS increased ruminal propionate (at 3 h and 6 h after feeding), isovalerate, and valerate concentrations. Addition of PLS also affected several populations of the analyzed microorganisms. The abundances of protozoa and bacteria were increased, whereas the abundance of archaea were decreased by PLS. Methane production decreased by 11% and 14% in PLS-fed cows compared to the control in Exp. 2 and 3, respectively. Exp. 3 revealed a reduction in the milk protein and lactose yield in the PLS-fed cows, but no effect on DMI and energy corrected milk yield. Also, the PLS diet affected the ruminal biohydrogenation process with an increased proportions of C18:3 <jats:italic>cis</jats:italic>-9 <jats:italic>cis</jats:italic>-12 <jats:italic>cis</jats:italic>-15, conjugated linoleic acid, C18:1 <jats:italic>trans-</jats:italic>11 FA, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and reduced n6/n3 ratio and saturated fatty acids (SFA) proportion in milk. The relative transcript abundances of the 5 of 6 analyzed genes regulating FA metabolism increased.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>The dietary PLS replacing the alfalfa silage at 60 g/kg diet can reduce the methane emission and improve milk quality with greater proportions of PUFA, including conjugated linoleic acid, and C18:1 <jats:italic>trans-</jats:italic>11 along with reduction of SFA.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Graphical Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Graphical abstract of the experimental roadmap</jats:p> </jats:sec>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if7,0
dc.description.points140
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume13
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s40104-022-00745-9
dc.identifier.issn2049-1891
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/7729
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40104-022-00745-9
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
dc.relation.pagesart. 104
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.endairy cow
dc.subject.enfatty acid composition in milk
dc.subject.enmethane emission
dc.subject.enpaulownia leaves
dc.titleThe effect of ensiled paulownia leaves in a high-forage diet on ruminal fermentation, methane production, fatty acid composition, and milk production performance of dairy cows
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.volume13