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Rhodotorula spp. in Laboratory and Veterinary Clinical Practice: Contamination or an Emerging Problem?

cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0001-9874-6895
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0003-0270-2914
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0003-2220-2730
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-1610-0589
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-7846-5444
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid6fc589c0-a9dd-4835-bb57-7f31154633df
cris.virtualsource.author-orcidabb21f0b-d43c-470d-99e6-7b59a4439244
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid71dccebf-e765-40b9-87bb-e98ab3b7299c
cris.virtualsource.author-orcidcfb82b96-7ef9-4b03-b4fb-1a3075fd805e
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid9a0771a0-4770-4862-9288-e2604f3ccc9b
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dc.abstract.enRhodotorula spp. are ubiquitous red-pigmented yeasts increasingly reported as opportunistic animal pathogens. Recognition matters because underdiagnosis can misguide therapy, especially in companion-animal otitis externa. This review supports laboratory and clinical decisions by summarising taxonomy and ecology, host risk factors, diagnostics, virulence factors, antifungal susceptibility, and veterinary cases. This review addresses: (1) taxonomy and ecology; (2) clinical epidemiology and predisposing factors (immunomodulation, prior antibacterial therapy, chronic inflammation); (3) diagnostics—cytology, organism burden, repeat or pure culture, MALDI-TOF MS, ITS sequencing—with a brief comparison of feasibility in veterinary practice; (4) virulence factors—adhesion and biofilm on abiotic surfaces, hydrolytic enzymes, capsule in some strains, haemolysins, urease, and carotenoids that protect against oxidative stress; (5) antifungal susceptibility and therapy—intrinsic resistance to echinocandins, often high azole MICs, and the most consistent in vitro activity of amphotericin B ± flucytosine; and (6) a synthesis of veterinary case reports. Rhodotorula spp. should not be dismissed as contaminants when clinical signs match laboratory evidence; distinguishing infection from colonisation requires clinicomicrobiological correlation. This review highlights the need for standardised susceptibility testing and veterinary breakpoints, prospective data on burden and outcomes, better data on biofilm behaviour on clinical materials, environmental surveillance, and practical diagnostic and treatment guidance.
dc.affiliationWydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej i Nauk o Zwierzętach
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Nauk Przedklinicznych i Chorób Zakaźnych
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Chorób Wewnętrznych i Diagnostyki
dc.contributor.authorWykrętowicz, Kacper
dc.contributor.authorCzyżewska-Dors, Ewelina
dc.contributor.authorDors, Arkadiusz
dc.contributor.authorPomorska-Mól, Małgorzata
dc.contributor.authorAugustyniak, Agata
dc.contributor.authorŁagowski, Dominik Maksymilian
dc.date.access2025-12-09
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-09T11:14:07Z
dc.date.available2025-12-09T11:14:07Z
dc.date.copyright2025-11-15
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>Rhodotorula spp. are ubiquitous red-pigmented yeasts increasingly reported as opportunistic animal pathogens. Recognition matters because underdiagnosis can misguide therapy, especially in companion-animal otitis externa. This review supports laboratory and clinical decisions by summarising taxonomy and ecology, host risk factors, diagnostics, virulence factors, antifungal susceptibility, and veterinary cases. This review addresses: (1) taxonomy and ecology; (2) clinical epidemiology and predisposing factors (immunomodulation, prior antibacterial therapy, chronic inflammation); (3) diagnostics—cytology, organism burden, repeat or pure culture, MALDI-TOF MS, ITS sequencing—with a brief comparison of feasibility in veterinary practice; (4) virulence factors—adhesion and biofilm on abiotic surfaces, hydrolytic enzymes, capsule in some strains, haemolysins, urease, and carotenoids that protect against oxidative stress; (5) antifungal susceptibility and therapy—intrinsic resistance to echinocandins, often high azole MICs, and the most consistent in vitro activity of amphotericin B ± flucytosine; and (6) a synthesis of veterinary case reports. Rhodotorula spp. should not be dismissed as contaminants when clinical signs match laboratory evidence; distinguishing infection from colonisation requires clinicomicrobiological correlation. This review highlights the need for standardised susceptibility testing and veterinary breakpoints, prospective data on burden and outcomes, better data on biofilm behaviour on clinical materials, environmental surveillance, and practical diagnostic and treatment guidance.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if2,7
dc.description.number22
dc.description.points100
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume15
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ani15223299
dc.identifier.issn2076-2615
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/6277
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/22/3299
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofAnimals
dc.relation.pagesart. 3299
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enRhodotorula spp.
dc.subject.enmicrobiological diagnostics
dc.subject.enopportunistic fungi
dc.subject.enresistance
dc.subject.enfungal infection
dc.subject.enotitis externa
dc.subtypeReviewArticle
dc.titleRhodotorula spp. in Laboratory and Veterinary Clinical Practice: Contamination or an Emerging Problem?
dc.title.volumeSpecial Issue Infectious Diseases in Animals: Community Ecology and Pathogen Dynamics, 2nd Edition
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue22
oaire.citation.volume15