Modified kraft lignin as sustainable consolidants for waterlogged archaeological wood

cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-7649-9720
cris.virtual.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid3faee269-6dbb-4f3d-84ba-3971b2f06afa
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
dc.abstract.enThis study evaluates lightened kraft lignin: modified via acetylation and encapsulation, as a sustainable consolidant for waterlogged archaeological pine (Pinus sp.) from the Biskupin site (Poland). Lignin was acetylated with acetic anhydride/pyridine and, in a separate route, converted into colloidal capsules by tetrahydrofuran/water self‑assembly; both modifications were characterized and then applied to waterlogged archaeological wood by 2‑week immersion. Effectiveness was assessed by Fourier‑transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), colourimetry, linear dimensional change (LDC), anti‑shrink efficiency (ASE), and water‑uptake tests. Acetylated lignin penetrated more deeply and reduced water uptake (from > 240% to ~ 96%) with moderate improvements in dimensional stability; encapsulated lignin showed limited penetration but lowered shrinkage (tangential: from 6.78 to 4.21%; radial: from 3.36% to 2.37%) through a surface‑barrier effect and was better in preserving the natural colour. These results indicate that modified kraft lignin, particularly the encapsulated formulation, can complement or partially replace petroleum‑based consolidants and motivate further optimization of capsule size/distribution to enhance mechanical performance and treatment uniformity.
dc.affiliationWydział Leśny i Technologii Drewna
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Chemicznej Technologii Drewna
dc.contributor.authorYazici, Ahmet Erdem
dc.contributor.authorBrózdowski, Jakub
dc.date.access2025-11-14
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-14T08:09:01Z
dc.date.available2025-11-14T08:09:01Z
dc.date.copyright2023-10-29
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstract<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p> This study evaluates lightened kraft lignin: modified via acetylation and encapsulation, as a sustainable consolidant for waterlogged archaeological pine ( <jats:italic>Pinus</jats:italic> sp.) from the Biskupin site (Poland). Lignin was acetylated with acetic anhydride/pyridine and, in a separate route, converted into colloidal capsules by tetrahydrofuran/water self‑assembly; both modifications were characterized and then applied to waterlogged archaeological wood by 2‑week immersion. Effectiveness was assessed by Fourier‑transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), colourimetry, linear dimensional change (LDC), anti‑shrink efficiency (ASE), and water‑uptake tests. Acetylated lignin penetrated more deeply and reduced water uptake (from &gt; 240% to ~ 96%) with moderate improvements in dimensional stability; encapsulated lignin showed limited penetration but lowered shrinkage (tangential: from 6.78 to 4.21%; radial: from 3.36% to 2.37%) through a surface‑barrier effect and was better in preserving the natural colour. These results indicate that modified kraft lignin, particularly the encapsulated formulation, can complement or partially replace petroleum‑based consolidants and motivate further optimization of capsule size/distribution to enhance mechanical performance and treatment uniformity. </jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_act
dc.description.financecost10378,35
dc.description.if3,9
dc.description.points140
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume15
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41598-025-21767-z
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/5882
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-21767-z
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofScientific Reports
dc.relation.pagesart. 37891
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enlignin modification
dc.subject.enarchaeological wood
dc.subject.ensustainable consolidation
dc.subject.enwaterlogged wood conservation
dc.subject.enbio-based materials
dc.titleModified kraft lignin as sustainable consolidants for waterlogged archaeological wood
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.volume15
project.funder.nameThe publication was financed by the Polish Minister of Science and Higher Education as part of the Strategy of the Poznan University of Life Sciences for 2024–2026 in the field of improving scientific research and development work in priority research areas.