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Fungicide Protection as an Agrotechnical Treatment Reducing Nitrogen Gap in Winter Wheat—A Case Study

cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-9207-8221
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-7952-387X
cris.virtual.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid6968b121-d618-43a8-9452-9f221eef2e8b
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid23c65eea-f9e5-4dcc-9ecc-e10c9597d4d5
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
dc.abstract.enProtection of high-yielding winter wheat (WW) with fungicides increases the productivity of nitrogen (N) present in the soil–crop system during the growing season. As a consequence of the action of fungicides, the nitrogen gap (NG) reduces. This hypothesis was verified on the basis of data from a field experiment conducted with WW during three growing seasons (2013/2014; 2014/2015, 2015/2016) in Poland. The field experiment included two crop protection systems (CP): (i) CP-0—without fungicides and CP-F—with fungicides and (ii) six N doses increased gradually by 40 kg N ha−1 from 0 to 240 kg N ha−1. The grain yield (GY) of WW treated with fungicides was significantly higher than that of the unprotected. The difference in yields between both CP systems was 17.3% on a plot fertilized with 200 kg N ha−1 (9.13 vs. 11.2 t ha−1). The fungicide yield gap increased progressively with Nf doses from 0.76 t ha−1 in the Nf control plot to 2.17 t ha−1 in the fertilized with 200 kg ha−1. The use of fungicides increased the amount of N in grain (Ngr) from 15 kg N ha−1 in the control N plot to 51 kg N ha−1 in the plot with 200 kg N ha−1. The main source of additional N in grain (Ngr) was inorganic N released from the soil (Ng89) during the WW growing season. The maximum Ng89 values were 64.4 and 83.0 kg N ha−1. These values corresponded to Nf doses of 94.4 and 80.8 kg N ha−1. The Ng89 of 70.1 kg N ha−1 conditioned 100-percentage Nf recovery. As a consequence, the prediction reliability of GY and Ngr was highest when Ng89 was used as a predictor. The net increase in the absolute NG size in response to increasing N input was significantly slower and therefore smaller in fungicide-protected than in unprotected WW. It can be concluded that the use of fungicides due to the increase in inorganic N productivity in the soil–crop system reduces the potential threat of N dispersion into the environment. In the light of the results obtained, it should be concluded that the fungicidal protection of crop plants should be treated as a factor significantly reducing the nitrogen gap and, thus, the yield gap.
dc.affiliationWydział Rolnictwa, Ogrodnictwa i Biotechnologii
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Chemii Rolnej i Biogeochemii Środowiska
dc.contributor.authorAndrzejewska, Agnieszka
dc.contributor.authorSzczepaniak, Witold
dc.contributor.authorSzymański, Tomasz
dc.date.access2025-03-11
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-30T10:58:18Z
dc.date.available2025-04-30T10:58:18Z
dc.date.copyright2024-08-14
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>Protection of high-yielding winter wheat (WW) with fungicides increases the productivity of nitrogen (N) present in the soil–crop system during the growing season. As a consequence of the action of fungicides, the nitrogen gap (NG) reduces. This hypothesis was verified on the basis of data from a field experiment conducted with WW during three growing seasons (2013/2014; 2014/2015, 2015/2016) in Poland. The field experiment included two crop protection systems (CP): (i) CP-0—without fungicides and CP-F—with fungicides and (ii) six N doses increased gradually by 40 kg N ha−1 from 0 to 240 kg N ha−1. The grain yield (GY) of WW treated with fungicides was significantly higher than that of the unprotected. The difference in yields between both CP systems was 17.3% on a plot fertilized with 200 kg N ha−1 (9.13 vs. 11.2 t ha−1). The fungicide yield gap increased progressively with Nf doses from 0.76 t ha−1 in the Nf control plot to 2.17 t ha−1 in the fertilized with 200 kg ha−1. The use of fungicides increased the amount of N in grain (Ngr) from 15 kg N ha−1 in the control N plot to 51 kg N ha−1 in the plot with 200 kg N ha−1. The main source of additional N in grain (Ngr) was inorganic N released from the soil (Ng89) during the WW growing season. The maximum Ng89 values were 64.4 and 83.0 kg N ha−1. These values corresponded to Nf doses of 94.4 and 80.8 kg N ha−1. The Ng89 of 70.1 kg N ha−1 conditioned 100-percentage Nf recovery. As a consequence, the prediction reliability of GY and Ngr was highest when Ng89 was used as a predictor. The net increase in the absolute NG size in response to increasing N input was significantly slower and therefore smaller in fungicide-protected than in unprotected WW. It can be concluded that the use of fungicides due to the increase in inorganic N productivity in the soil–crop system reduces the potential threat of N dispersion into the environment. In the light of the results obtained, it should be concluded that the fungicidal protection of crop plants should be treated as a factor significantly reducing the nitrogen gap and, thus, the yield gap.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if3,3
dc.description.number8
dc.description.points100
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume14
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/agronomy14081785
dc.identifier.issn2073-4395
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/2741
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/8/1785
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofAgronomy
dc.relation.pagesart. 1785
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudsend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enmineral nitrogen resources
dc.subject.ennitrogen balance
dc.subject.ennitrogen productivity
dc.subject.ennitrogen gain
dc.subject.enindicators
dc.titleFungicide Protection as an Agrotechnical Treatment Reducing Nitrogen Gap in Winter Wheat—A Case Study
dc.title.volumeSpecial Issue Nitrogen Cycle in Farming Systems—2nd Edition
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue8
oaire.citation.volume14