Microscopic Droplet Size Analysis (MDSA) of “Five Thieves’ Oil” (Olejek Pięciu Złodziei) Essential Oil after the Nebulization Process

cris.lastimport.scopus2025-10-23T07:00:32Z
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dc.abstract.enNowadays, due to a higher resistance to drugs, antibiotics, and antiviral medicaments, new ways of fighting pathogens are intensively studied. The alternatives for synthesized compositions are natural products, most of which have been known in natural medicine for a long time. One of the best-known and intensively investigated groups are essential oils (EOs) and their compositions. However, it is worth noting that the method of application can play a second crucial part in the effectiveness of the antimicrobial activity. EOs possess various natural compounds which exhibit antimicrobial activity. One of the compositions which is based on the five main ingredients of eucalyptus, cinnamon, clove, rosemary, and lemon is named “five thieves’ oil” (Polish name: olejek pięciu złodziei) (5TO) and is used in natural medicine. In this study, we focused on the droplet size distribution of 5TO during the nebulization process, evaluated by the microscopic droplet size analysis (MDSA) method. Furthermore, viscosity studies, as well as UV-Vis of the 5TO suspensions in medical solvents such as physiological salt and hyaluronic acid, were presented, along with measurements of refractive index, turbidity, pH, contact angle, and surface tension. Additional studies on the biological activity of 5TO solutions were made on the P. aeruginosa strain NFT3. This study opens a way for the possible use of 5TO solutions or emulsion systems for active antimicrobial applications, i.e., for surface spraying.
dc.affiliationWydział Nauk o Żywności i Żywieniu
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Fizyki i Biofizyki
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Zarządzania Jakością i Bezpieczeństwem Żywności
dc.contributor.authorSmułek, Wojciech
dc.contributor.authorJarzębski, Maciej
dc.contributor.authorOchowiak, Marek
dc.contributor.authorMatuszak, Magdalena
dc.contributor.authorKaczorek, Jan
dc.contributor.authorStangierski, Jerzy
dc.contributor.authorPawlicz, Jarosław
dc.contributor.authorDrobnik, Paweł
dc.contributor.authorNowakowski, Piotr T.
dc.contributor.authorDyrda-Muskus, Joanna
dc.contributor.authorFiutak, Grzegorz
dc.contributor.authorGorzelak, Mieczysław
dc.contributor.authorRay, Sirsendu S.
dc.contributor.authorPal, Kunal
dc.date.access2025-07-30
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-17T06:53:20Z
dc.date.available2025-09-17T06:53:20Z
dc.date.copyright2023-05-26
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>Nowadays, due to a higher resistance to drugs, antibiotics, and antiviral medicaments, new ways of fighting pathogens are intensively studied. The alternatives for synthesized compositions are natural products, most of which have been known in natural medicine for a long time. One of the best-known and intensively investigated groups are essential oils (EOs) and their compositions. However, it is worth noting that the method of application can play a second crucial part in the effectiveness of the antimicrobial activity. EOs possess various natural compounds which exhibit antimicrobial activity. One of the compositions which is based on the five main ingredients of eucalyptus, cinnamon, clove, rosemary, and lemon is named “five thieves’ oil” (Polish name: olejek pięciu złodziei) (5TO) and is used in natural medicine. In this study, we focused on the droplet size distribution of 5TO during the nebulization process, evaluated by the microscopic droplet size analysis (MDSA) method. Furthermore, viscosity studies, as well as UV-Vis of the 5TO suspensions in medical solvents such as physiological salt and hyaluronic acid, were presented, along with measurements of refractive index, turbidity, pH, contact angle, and surface tension. Additional studies on the biological activity of 5TO solutions were made on the P. aeruginosa strain NFT3. This study opens a way for the possible use of 5TO solutions or emulsion systems for active antimicrobial applications, i.e., for surface spraying.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if4,2
dc.description.number11
dc.description.points140
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume28
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/molecules28114368
dc.identifier.issn1420-3049
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/4847
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/11/4368
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofMolecules
dc.relation.pagesart. 4368
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enmicroscopy
dc.subject.endroplet size
dc.subject.ennebulization
dc.subject.enessential oils
dc.subject.enP. aeruginosa
dc.titleMicroscopic Droplet Size Analysis (MDSA) of “Five Thieves’ Oil” (Olejek Pięciu Złodziei) Essential Oil after the Nebulization Process
dc.title.volumeSpecial Issue Essential Oils II
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue11
oaire.citation.volume28