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Cement Carbonation Under Fermentation Conditions as a Tool for CO2 Emission Management—Technological, Environmental and Economic Analysis

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dc.abstract.enThe aim of this study is an interdisciplinary assessment of the potential of cement pastes to permanently bind carbon dioxide (CO2) under anaerobic digestion conditions, considering technological, microstructural, environmental, and economic aspects. The research focused on three types of Portland cement: CEM I 52.5N, CEM I 42.5R-1, and CEM I 42.5R-2, differing in phase composition and reactivity, which were evaluated in terms of their carbonation potential and resistance to chemically aggressive environments. The cement pastes were prepared with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.5 and subjected to 90-day exposure in two environments: a reference environment (tap water) and a fermentation environment (aqueous suspension of poultry manure simulating biogas reactor conditions). XRD, TG/DTA, SEM/EDS, and mercury intrusion porosimetry were applied to analyze CO2 mineralization, phase changes, and microstructural evolution. XRD results revealed a significant increase in calcite content (e.g., for CEM I 52.5N from 5.9% to 41.1%) and the presence of vaterite (19.3%), indicating intense carbonation under organic conditions. TG/DTA analysis confirmed a reduction in portlandite and C-S-H phases, suggesting their transformation into stable carbonate forms. SEM observations and EDS analysis revealed well-developed calcite crystals and the dominance of Ca, C, and O, confirming effective CO2 binding. In control samples, hydration products predominated without signs of mineralization. The highest sequestration potential was observed for CEM I 52.5N, while cements with higher C3A content (e.g., CEM I 42.5R-2) exhibited lower chemical resistance. The results confirm that carbonation under fermentation conditions may serve as an effective tool for CO2 emission management, contributing to improved durability of construction materials and generating measurable economic benefits in the context of climate policy and the EU ETS. The article highlights the need to integrate CO2 sequestration technologies with emission management systems and life cycle assessment (LCA) of biogas infrastructure, supporting the transition toward a low-carbon economy.
dc.affiliationWydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Inżynierii Mechanicznej
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Inżynierii Biosystemów
dc.contributor.authorPyzalski, Michał
dc.contributor.authorJuszczyk, Michał
dc.contributor.authorDurczak, Karol
dc.contributor.authorSala, Dariusz
dc.contributor.authorDuda, Joanna
dc.contributor.authorDudek, Marek
dc.contributor.authorUstinovičius, Leonas
dc.date.access2025-09-11
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-11T10:15:15Z
dc.date.available2025-09-11T10:15:15Z
dc.date.copyright2025-08-29
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>The aim of this study is an interdisciplinary assessment of the potential of cement pastes to permanently bind carbon dioxide (CO2) under anaerobic digestion conditions, considering technological, microstructural, environmental, and economic aspects. The research focused on three types of Portland cement: CEM I 52.5N, CEM I 42.5R-1, and CEM I 42.5R-2, differing in phase composition and reactivity, which were evaluated in terms of their carbonation potential and resistance to chemically aggressive environments. The cement pastes were prepared with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.5 and subjected to 90-day exposure in two environments: a reference environment (tap water) and a fermentation environment (aqueous suspension of poultry manure simulating biogas reactor conditions). XRD, TG/DTA, SEM/EDS, and mercury intrusion porosimetry were applied to analyze CO2 mineralization, phase changes, and microstructural evolution. XRD results revealed a significant increase in calcite content (e.g., for CEM I 52.5N from 5.9% to 41.1%) and the presence of vaterite (19.3%), indicating intense carbonation under organic conditions. TG/DTA analysis confirmed a reduction in portlandite and C-S-H phases, suggesting their transformation into stable carbonate forms. SEM observations and EDS analysis revealed well-developed calcite crystals and the dominance of Ca, C, and O, confirming effective CO2 binding. In control samples, hydration products predominated without signs of mineralization. The highest sequestration potential was observed for CEM I 52.5N, while cements with higher C3A content (e.g., CEM I 42.5R-2) exhibited lower chemical resistance. The results confirm that carbonation under fermentation conditions may serve as an effective tool for CO2 emission management, contributing to improved durability of construction materials and generating measurable economic benefits in the context of climate policy and the EU ETS. The article highlights the need to integrate CO2 sequestration technologies with emission management systems and life cycle assessment (LCA) of biogas infrastructure, supporting the transition toward a low-carbon economy.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if3,2
dc.description.number17
dc.description.points140
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume18
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/en18174588
dc.identifier.issn1996-1073
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/4731
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/17/4588
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationmechanical engineering
dc.relation.ispartofEnergies
dc.relation.pagesart. 4588
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudsend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.encement carbonation
dc.subject.enCO2 sequestration
dc.subject.enCO2 storage
dc.subject.enCO2 capture
dc.subject.enmethane fermentation
dc.subject.enmicrostructure
dc.subject.enorganic environment
dc.subject.enPortland cement
dc.subject.enCO2 emission management
dc.subject.enenvironmental economics
dc.titleCement Carbonation Under Fermentation Conditions as a Tool for CO2 Emission Management—Technological, Environmental and Economic Analysis
dc.title.volumeSpecial Issue Challenges and Research Trends of Carbon Dioxide Capture
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue17
oaire.citation.volume18