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Application of Artificial Neural Network Sensitivity Analysis to Identify Key Determinants of Harvesting Date and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) Cultivar Augusta
Genotype and weather conditions play crucial roles in determining the volume and stability of a soybean yield. The aim of this study was to identify the key meteorological factors affecting the harvest date (model M_HARV) and yield of the soybean variety Augusta (model M_YIELD) using a neural network sensitivity analysis. The dates of the start of flowering and maturity, the yield data, the average daily temperatures and precipitation were collected, and the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficients were calculated during a fifteen-year study (2005–2020 growing seasons). During the experiment, highly variable weather conditions occurred, strongly modifying the course of phenological phases in soybean and the achieved seed yield of Augusta cultivar. The harvesting of mature soybean seeds took place between 131 and 156 days after sowing, while the harvested yield ranged from 0.6 t·ha−1 to 2.6 t·ha−1. The sensitivity analysis of the MLP neural network made it possible to identify the factors which had the greatest impact on the tested dependent variables among all the analyzed factors. It was revealed that the variables assigned ranks 1 and 2 in the sensitivity analysis of the neural network forming the M_HARV model were total rainfall in the first decade of June and the first decade of August. The variables with the highest impact on the Augusta soybean seed yield (model M_YIELD) were the mean daily air temperature in the second decade of May and the Seljaninov coefficient values calculated for the sowing–flowering date period.
Stability of Early Maturing Soybean Genotypes in Poland
Poland is one of the northernmost countries in the world where soybean breeding is actively conducted. A large collection of soybean genotypes was analyzed in three locations in Poland during the 2022–2023 growing seasons. The objective of this research was to determine the stability of yield, as well as the protein and fat content in the seeds of 280 genotypes. The phenotypic correlations across genotypes and environments were assessed using the Spearman coefficient. The statistical analysis was provided using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. The stability of genotypes was assessed using the weighted average of absolute scores. The main factor differentiating the results between locations was the variation in weather conditions. The variety Karok, which ranks among the top 10% in genotype selection indices for yield and thousand-seed weight, is recommended based on studies conducted within the Post-Registration Variety Testing System in three voivodeships in Poland. Among the most stable genotypes, in terms of the traits analyzed in this paper, are many registered and currently grown soybean varieties such as Obelix Pompei, Coraline, Kapral, ES Mentor, NS Mercury, Pepita, Pollux, Silesia, and Heihe 45. The yield stability of soybean genotypes during the development of new varieties should be one of the factors analyzed by breeders.
Identyfikacja układów allelicznych genów fotoneutralności i wczesności oraz opracowanie metodyki otrzymywania roślin homozygotycznych u soi.
Analiza bioróżnorodności zasobów genowych soi przydatnej do hodowli w warunkach klimatycznych Polski i opracowanie metodyki krzyżowania międzygatunkowego Glycine max x Glycine soja
Analiza molekularna układów allelicznych genów wczesności oraz opracowanie i identyfikacja markerów funkcjonalnych dla genów determinacji pędu, pękania strąków, cech plonotwórczych i jakościowych nasion soi
Identyfikacja układów allelicznych genów fotoneutralności i wczesności oraz opracowanie metodyki otrzymywania roślin homozygotycznych u soi.
Analiza bioróżnorodności zasobów genowych soi przydatnej do hodowli w warunkach klimatycznych Polski i opracowanie metodyki krzyżowania międzygatunkowego Glycine max x Glycine soja
Analiza bioróżnorodności zasobów genowych soi przydatnej do hodowli w warunkach klimatycznych Polski i opracowanie metodyki krzyżowania międzygatunkowego Glycine max x Glycine soja.
Identyfikacja układów allelicznych genów fotoneutralności i wczesności oraz opracowanie metodyki otrzymywania roślin homozygotycznych u soi
Nowe czwartorzędowe sole alkoksymetylopropikonazolu z anionem 3,6-dichlo-2-metoksybenzoesanowym, sposób ich otrzymywania oraz zastosowanie jako dwufunkcyjne środki ochrony roślin fungicydy i herbicydy
The use of high-throughput DArTseq-based silicoDArT and SNP markers to identify yellow rust resistance genes in common wheat
Analiza bioróżnorodności zasobów genowych soi przydatnej do hodowli w warunkach klimatycznych Polski i opracowanie metodyki krzyżowania międzygatunkowego Glycine max x Glycine soja
Molecular selection of soybean towards adaptation to Central European agroclimatic conditions
AbstractEurope is highly dependent on soybean meal imports and anticipates an increase of domestic plant protein production. Ongoing climate change resulted in northward shift of plant hardiness zones, enabling spring-sowing of freezing-sensitive crops, including soybean. However, it requires efficient reselection of germplasm adapted to relatively short growing season and long-day photoperiod. In the present study, a PCR array has been implemented, targeting early maturity (E1–E4, E7, E9, and E10), pod shattering (qPHD1), and growth determination (Dt1) genes. This array was optimized for routine screening of soybean diversity panel (204 accessions), subjected to the 2018–2020 survey of phenology, morphology, and yield-related traits in a potential cultivation region in Poland. High broad-sense heritability (0.84–0.88) was observed for plant height, thousand grain weight, maturity date, and the first pod height. Significant positive correlations were identified between the number of seeds and pods per plant, between these two traits and seed yield per plant as well as between flowering, maturity, plant height, and first pod height. PCR array genotyping revealed high genetic diversity, yielding 98 allelic combinations. The most remarkable correlations were identified between flowering and E7 or E1, between maturity and E4 or E7 and between plant height and Dt1 or E4. The study demonstrated high applicability of this PCR array for molecular selection of soybean towards adaptation to Central Europe, designating recessive qPHD1 and dominant Dt1, E3, and E4 alleles as major targets to align soybean growth season requirements with the length of the frost-free period, improve plant performance, and increase yield.
Diagnostic accuracy of genetic markers for identification of the Lr46/Yr29 “slow rusting” locus in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Abstract Wheat leaf rust, caused by fungal pathogen Puccinia triticina Erikss, annually contributes to production losses as high as 40% in susceptible varieties and remains as one of the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. Currently, one of the major challenges of wheat geneticists and breeders is to accumulate major genes for durability of rust resistance called “slow rusting” genes using marker-assisted selection (MAS). Until now, eight genes ( Lr34/Yr18 , Lr46/Yr29 , Lr67/Yr46 , Lr68 , Lr74 , Lr75 , Lr77 , and Lr78 ) conferring resistance against multiple fungal pathogens have been identified in wheat gene pool and the molecular markers were developed for them. In MAS practice, it is a common problem that cultivars exhibiting desirable marker genotypes may not necessarily have the targeted genes or alleles and vice versa, which is known as “false positives.” The aim of this study was to compare the available four markers: Xwmc44 , Xgwm259 , Xbarc80 , and csLV46G22 markers (not published yet), for the identification of the Lr46/Yr29 loci in 73 genotypes of wheat, which were reported as sources of various “slow rusting” genes, including 60 with confirmed Lr46/Yr29 gene, reported in the literature. This research revealed that csLV46G22 together with Xwmc44 is most suitable for the identification of resistance allele of the Lr46/Yr29 gene; however, there is a need to clone the Lr46/Yr29 loci to identify and verify the allelic variation of the gene and the function.