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Assessment of Biological Activity of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides Isolated From Cultivated Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus citrinopileatus
Anti-proliferative and antioxidant activities of Pleurotus pulmonarius and P. citrinopileatus water-soluble polysaccharides were examined using human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and human normal colonic epithelial (CCD841 CoTr) cell lines in vitro. Polysaccharides were prepared by cold and hot water extraction methods and chemically characterized. The monosaccharide analysis showed that all the preparations contained hexoses: mannose, glucose, galactose, and 3-O-methyl-hexose (identified as 3-O-methyl-galactose) as well as trace amounts of pentose identified as arabinose. Linkage analysis, on the other hand, revealed a wide variety of monosaccharide linking bonds in the polysaccharides studied, depending on the polymer source and the method of isolation. Both fungal polysaccharide preparations with increasing concentrations showed lower DPPH free radical reducing activity. The degree of reduction depended on the origin of the compounds and the method of their preparation. Stimulation of nitric oxide (NOx) production by the tested cells was observed after their incubation with the polysaccharides. The tested compounds at lower concentrations (up to 500 μg/mL) did not significantly influence the metabolic activity of the tumor and normal cells after 24 h of incubation. The viability of the tumor and normal cells was limited after the impact of the polysaccharides in the concentration range of 25 – 1000 μg/mL. The hot and cold water isolated polysaccharides did not induce changes in the normal and tumor cell cytoskeleton organization. The paper presents newly prepared and characterized hot and cold isolated water-soluble polysaccharides with promising pro-health potential against tumor and normal human colon epithelium cells.
Mineral composition variation in Boletales mushrooms—indication of soil properties and taxonomic influence
AbstractThe efficiency of element accumulation depends on numerous factors, where the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil seem to be very important, and the role of taxonomic rank in the accumulation of elements by mushrooms seems to be important. The aim of the study was to compare the mineral composition of 7 species belonging to Leccinum and Suillus genera, collected between 2019 and 2021 from localizations in the west-central part of Poland. The research aimed to indicate the role of selected soil parameters in stimulating/inhibiting the accumulation of elements by selected Boletales mushroom species and to answer the question about the role of species belonging to the genus as an indicator determining the specific mineral composition of fruiting bodies. Soil pH and other soil properties (granulometric composition, organic carbon, degree of organic matter decomposition) may significantly affect mushrooms' mineral composition. Mushroom species belonging to Leccinum genus exhibited the higher amount of essential major and trace elements than species of Suillus genus). It suggests that the affiliation of the studied mushroom species to a specific genus may affect their mineral composition, and the physicochemical properties of the soil may be responsible for the lack of a clear division in the efficiency of element(s) accumulation. Selected species contain high amounts of K, Cu, Fe, and Zn, while others, such as selected Suillus gravellei fruiting bodies, also contain As and Cd. The results described serve as an introduction to a broader scientific discussion and require many further studies to confirm the role of taxonomic ranks and the influence of soil characteristics on the accumulation of elements by fruiting bodies. Graphical Abstract