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Effects of Anticoccidial Vaccination and Taraxacum officinale Extract on the Growth Performance, Biochemical Parameters, Immunity, and Intestinal Morphology of Eimeria-Challenged Chickens
A total of 160 Ross 308 male chickens were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design to examine the effects of anticoccidial vaccination (ACV; lack or 1× dose recommended by the manufacturer) and dietary supplementation with Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) extract (DE; with or without) on growth performance, immunity, biochemical parameters, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp. At 20 days of age, all birds were challenged with a 25× dose of ACV, including Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima, E. mitis, and E. tenella. No interaction between ACV and DE was observed in terms of growth performance. Vaccinated birds showed increased feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the 11–20 day period. Meanwhile, DE supplementation led to decreased FI and body weight gain (BWG) during the 1–10 day period. ACV effectively induced immunity against Eimeria, as evidenced by reduced oocyst shedding and less intestinal lesions, decreased levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6, and improved BWG during both the post infection (PI) period (21–35 days) and the entire growth period. DE supplementation lowered FCR and increased BWG during the 35–42 day period, increased the concentration of butyric acid in the cecal digesta, and lowered oocyst shedding PI. In vaccinated birds, DE elevated levels of plasma total protein and immunoglobulin M, and influenced tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and claudin-3, indicating a more robust epithelial barrier. DE also lowered alanine aminotransferase activity in unvaccinated birds. Both ACV and DE independently improved intestinal morphology in the jejunum, decreasing crypt depth and increasing the villus height-to-crypt ratio. These findings suggest that both ACV and DE could be effective strategies for managing coccidiosis in broiler chickens.
Fermentowany makuch rzepakowy dla zwierząt, zwłaszcza dla zwierząt monogastrycznych, zwłaszcza dla kurcząt i indyków rzeźnych, pasza dla zwierząt, zwłaszcza dla zwierząt monogastrycznych, zwłaszcza dla kurcząt i indyków rzeźnych i zastosowanie fermentowanego makuchu rzepakowego i paszy zawierającej fermentowany makuch rzepakowy
Implementation of a metabolizable energy regression model for black soldier fly larvae fat in broiler chicken diets: effect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and selected physiological indices
Black Soldier Fly Full-Fat Meal in Atlantic Salmon Nutrition – Part B: Effects on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Selected Nutriphysiological Traits and Production Sustainability in Pre-Smolts
Abstract Black soldier larva meal (BSFM) seems to be a competitive protein and fat source for widely used fish meal (FM) and fish oil. Because of the still present problem of overfished seas and oceans for feed purposes, even a low substitution of the mentioned feed materials could have a positive impact on the environment. Due to the specificity of salmon metabolic processes, with particular attention to smoltification and the various requirements for nutrients related to individual stages, it is important to implement similar dietary inclusion levels of innovative feed materials in different life stages of Atlantic salmon. Thus, a holistic approach was undertaken in the cycle of two studies carried out: on fries and pre-smolts. This study aims to evaluate the effect of FM replacement by full-fat BSFM in Atlantic salmon pre-smolt diets on growth performance, feed utilization, somatic indices, histomorphology of intestines, colorimetric assessment and raw meat quality, as well as environmental sustainability. The following groups were applied: CON – without addition of full-fat BSFM and with 30% FM; BSFM5 – with 5% addition of full-fat BSFM and 27.1% FM; BSFM10 – with 10% full-fat BSFM and 24.3% FM; and BSFM15 – with 15% addition of full-fat BSFM and 21.3% FM. The present study showed satisfactory results of BSFM inclusion up to 15% as a replacement for FM in feeds for Atlantic salmon pre-smolts. The present study showed that BSFM is a suitable feed material for Atlantic salmon proper diet balancing and may be used to decrease FM content. The semi-technical application of BSFM containing diets confirmed their effectiveness during the growth phase of Atlantic salmon. According to our results, BSFM can be recommended as an alternative feed component in Atlantic salmon pre-smolt nutrition at levels up to 15%. Simultaneously, insect inclusion significantly improved the environmental sustainability of the rearing process.
Insects as a natural component of pheasant diets: effects of full-fat Hermetia illucens meal on egg production and quality, hatchability, and selected physicochemical egg indices
The influence of parasitic infection (Eimeria spp.) on bone and cartilage tissue in an animal model
Dodatek paszowy o właściwościach przeciwdrobnoustrojowych, mieszanka paszowa, zastosowanie dodatku paszowego do wytwarzania mieszanki paszowej
The First Report of The Growth Performance and Environmental Sustainability Effects of Dietary Insect Meal Application on The Jardine River Turtle (Emydura Subglobosa)
Abstract This study provides empirical data on the balancing, production, and quality of freshwater turtle diets containing partially defatted black soldier fly larvae Hermetia illucens meal (BSFL) as a fish meal (FM) replacement. A 70-day experiment was performed using 27 Jardine river turtle (Emydura subglobosa) juveniles (6 months old). Three dietary treatments were applied, namely, CON with 30% fish meal and no BSFL as the control, H75 with 22.5% fish meal and 7.5% BSFL, and H150 with 15% fish meal and 15% BSFL, with 3 replicates per treatment, 3 animals per replicate, and 9 specimens in total per treatment. Post-extrusion tests showed that feed technological parameters are dependent on the BSFL meal proportion in terms of the pellet length expansion rate, volume increase, and water binding capacity. The obtained experimental feeds were well accepted by the animals. During the entire experimental period, no turtle mortality, diet-related issues, or differences in shell development or growth performance were recorded among the treatments. However, the feed intake increased in comparison to CON when 7.5% BSFL meal was used (42.30 g vs. 50.40 g), and a lower feed conversion ratio was observed in the 15% BSFL treatment (1.51 vs. 1.38). For the first time, it was empirically proven that E. subglobosa can efficiently utilize BSFL meal for up to 15% of their diet. Moreover, the possibility of an increase in environmental sustainability during turtle husbandry due to a decrease in total marine resource use of 55.8% and a 57.4% decrease in the use of fish meal per kg of body weight gain were recorded.
Effect of two insect meals on the gut commensal microbiome of healthy sea trout (Salmo trutta vr. trutta)
Abstract Background The balance of the intestinal commensal microbiome of fish and other animals plays an important role in the physiological processes of healthy animals, contributes to the defense against pathogens, stimulates the immune system and facilitates nutrient metabolism. In the last decade, the interest in the application of the insects in fish nutrition increased, although little is known regarding the effects of insect meals on the gastrointenstinal tract microbiome of the sea trout fingerlings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two diets containing mealworm (MW) and superworm (SW) on the microbiome of the digesta of sea trout fingerlings and the relative abundances of different taxa among communities under controlled conditions. Results The insect meals produced a similar weight gain and survival rate to sea trout fed fishmeal. The most abundant bacterial phylum in all the treatment groups was Firmicutes followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and significant differences in the amount of Cyanobacteria were observed in the SW group. Conclusions The insect meals did not produce differences in the three most abundant phyla in the sea trout digesta. However, the effect of each type of meal on the lower taxonomic levels was evident, particularly in the case of the superworm meal. These microbiome differences indicated that mealworm meal was more related to fishmeal than superworm meal. Our results highlight the potential effects of insect meals, such as mealworm and superworm meals, on the microbiota of sea trout.
The Effect of Solid-State Fermentation on the Nutritive Value of Rapeseed Cakes and Performance of Broiler Chickens
This study aimed to assess the applicability of eleven different products of solid-state fermentation of rapeseed cakes with commercial enzyme additives. Ground rapeseed cakes were mixed with water (1:2) and the enzymatic preparation (0.1%) according to the different variants and fermented at 25 °C for 24 h under anaerobic conditions. For fermentation, different enzymes were used: (1) α-amylase, (2) endo 1,4-β-xylanase, (3) endo-1,3(4)β-glucanase, (4) endo 1,4-β-xylanase, endo-1,3(4)β-glucanase, (5) α-amylase, endo-1,3(4)β-glucanase, (6) 6-phytase, (7) RONOZYME HiPhos 6-phytase, (8) liquid exogenous-6-phytase; and mixed combinations: (9) endo 1,4-β-xylanase, endo-1,3(4)β-glucanase, liquid exogenous-6-phytase, (10) α-amylase, endo-1,3(4)β-glucanase, liquid exogenous-6-phytase, and (11) α-amylase, endo 1,4-β-xylanase, endo-1,3(4)β-glucanase, liquid exogenous-6-phytase. After fermentation, the crude protein content in the products was similar, but the true protein content was significantly higher than in nonfermented rapeseed cakes (p < 0.05). Fermentation significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of phytate phosphorous, raffinose family oligosaccharides, and glucosinolates in the products. In the next step, the most advantageous fermentation product obtained using liquid exogenous-6-phytase was selected in terms of nutritional value, produced on the technical scale, and incorporated into the diets for broilers. Six diets containing 12, 17, or 22% raw or fermented rapeseed cakes, respectively, were prepared. Up to 22% fermented rapeseed cakes did not adversely affect broiler production rates. Replacing raw rapeseed cakes with fermented products improved body weight gain in the grower phase, lowered feed intake in the finisher phase, and lowered the feed conversion ratio in all periods. A level of 22% of naturally fermented rapeseed cakes with liquid exogenous-6-phytase in the diet of broilers could be recommended.
