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The Influence of Lead and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) on Generation of Pisum sativum Defense Signaling Molecules and Expression of Genes Involved in Their Biosynthesis

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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid51a5a68b-106b-4e9d-bd9b-79d15d3ec0c1
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dc.abstract.enThe main aim of this study was to understand the regulation of the biosynthesis of phytohormones as signaling molecules in the defense mechanisms of pea seedlings during the application of abiotic and biotic stress factors. It was important to identify this regulation at the molecular level in Pisum sativum L. seedlings under the influence of various concentrations of lead—i.e., a low concentration increasing plant metabolism, causing a hormetic effect, and a high dose causing a sublethal effect—and during feeding of a phytophagous insect with a piercing-sucking mouthpart—i.e., pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)). The aim of the study was to determine the expression level of genes encoding enzymes of the biosynthesis of signaling molecules such as phytohormones—i.e., jasmonates (JA/MeJA), ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA). Real-time qPCR was applied to analyze the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis of JA/MeJA (lipoxygenase 1 (LOX1), lipoxygenase 2 (LOX2), 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 1 (OPR1) and jasmonic acid-amido synthetase (JAR1)), ET (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3 (ACS3)) and ABA (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) and aldehyde oxidase 1 (AO1)). In response to the abovementioned stress factors—i.e., abiotic and biotic stressors acting independently or simultaneously—the expression of the LOX1, LOX2, OPR1, JAR1, ACS3, NCED and AO1 genes at both sublethal and hormetic doses increased. Particularly high levels of the relative expression of the tested genes in pea seedlings growing at sublethal doses of lead and colonized by A. pisum compared to the control were noticeable. A hormetic dose of lead induced high expression levels of the JAR1, OPR1 and ACS3 genes, especially in leaves. Moreover, an increase in the concentration of phytohormones such as jasmonates (JA and MeJA) and aminococyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-ethylene (ET) precursor was observed. The results of this study indicate that the response of pea seedlings to lead and A. pisum aphid infestation differed greatly at both the gene expression and metabolic levels. The intensity of these defense responses depended on the organ, the metal dose and direct contact of the stress factor with the organ.
dc.affiliationWydział Rolnictwa, Ogrodnictwa i Biotechnologii
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Fizjologii Roślin
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Biochemii i Biotechnologii
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Metod Matematycznych i Statystycznych
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Warzywnictwa
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Entomologii i Ochrony Środowiska
dc.contributor.authorWoźniak, Agnieszka
dc.contributor.authorKęsy, Jacek
dc.contributor.authorGlazińska, Paulina
dc.contributor.authorGlinkowski, Wojciech
dc.contributor.authorNarożna, Dorota
dc.contributor.authorBocianowski, Jan
dc.contributor.authorRucińska-Sobkowiak, Renata
dc.contributor.authorMai, Van Chung
dc.contributor.authorKrzesiński, Włodzimierz
dc.contributor.authorSamardakiewicz, Sławomir
dc.contributor.authorBorowiak-Sobkowiak, Beata
dc.contributor.authorLabudda, Mateusz
dc.contributor.authorJeandet, Philippe
dc.contributor.authorMorkunas, Iwona
dc.date.access2023-06-26
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-01T10:25:50Z
dc.date.available2025-09-01T10:25:50Z
dc.date.copyright2023-06-26
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>The main aim of this study was to understand the regulation of the biosynthesis of phytohormones as signaling molecules in the defense mechanisms of pea seedlings during the application of abiotic and biotic stress factors. It was important to identify this regulation at the molecular level in Pisum sativum L. seedlings under the influence of various concentrations of lead—i.e., a low concentration increasing plant metabolism, causing a hormetic effect, and a high dose causing a sublethal effect—and during feeding of a phytophagous insect with a piercing-sucking mouthpart—i.e., pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)). The aim of the study was to determine the expression level of genes encoding enzymes of the biosynthesis of signaling molecules such as phytohormones—i.e., jasmonates (JA/MeJA), ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA). Real-time qPCR was applied to analyze the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis of JA/MeJA (lipoxygenase 1 (LOX1), lipoxygenase 2 (LOX2), 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 1 (OPR1) and jasmonic acid-amido synthetase (JAR1)), ET (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3 (ACS3)) and ABA (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) and aldehyde oxidase 1 (AO1)). In response to the abovementioned stress factors—i.e., abiotic and biotic stressors acting independently or simultaneously—the expression of the LOX1, LOX2, OPR1, JAR1, ACS3, NCED and AO1 genes at both sublethal and hormetic doses increased. Particularly high levels of the relative expression of the tested genes in pea seedlings growing at sublethal doses of lead and colonized by A. pisum compared to the control were noticeable. A hormetic dose of lead induced high expression levels of the JAR1, OPR1 and ACS3 genes, especially in leaves. Moreover, an increase in the concentration of phytohormones such as jasmonates (JA and MeJA) and aminococyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-ethylene (ET) precursor was observed. The results of this study indicate that the response of pea seedlings to lead and A. pisum aphid infestation differed greatly at both the gene expression and metabolic levels. The intensity of these defense responses depended on the organ, the metal dose and direct contact of the stress factor with the organ.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_act
dc.description.financecost3610,13
dc.description.if4,9
dc.description.number13
dc.description.points140
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume24
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijms241310671
dc.identifier.eissn1422-0067
dc.identifier.issn1661-6596
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/4559
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/13/10671
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationagriculture and horticulture
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences
dc.relation.pagesart. 10671
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enlead
dc.subject.enpea aphid
dc.subject.enjasmonates
dc.subject.enethylene
dc.subject.engenes encoding enzymes of phytohormone biosynthesis
dc.subject.enPisum sativum
dc.titleThe Influence of Lead and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) on Generation of Pisum sativum Defense Signaling Molecules and Expression of Genes Involved in Their Biosynthesis
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue13
oaire.citation.volume24