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Molecular selection of soybean towards adaptation to Central European agroclimatic conditions
AbstractEurope is highly dependent on soybean meal imports and anticipates an increase of domestic plant protein production. Ongoing climate change resulted in northward shift of plant hardiness zones, enabling spring-sowing of freezing-sensitive crops, including soybean. However, it requires efficient reselection of germplasm adapted to relatively short growing season and long-day photoperiod. In the present study, a PCR array has been implemented, targeting early maturity (E1–E4, E7, E9, and E10), pod shattering (qPHD1), and growth determination (Dt1) genes. This array was optimized for routine screening of soybean diversity panel (204 accessions), subjected to the 2018–2020 survey of phenology, morphology, and yield-related traits in a potential cultivation region in Poland. High broad-sense heritability (0.84–0.88) was observed for plant height, thousand grain weight, maturity date, and the first pod height. Significant positive correlations were identified between the number of seeds and pods per plant, between these two traits and seed yield per plant as well as between flowering, maturity, plant height, and first pod height. PCR array genotyping revealed high genetic diversity, yielding 98 allelic combinations. The most remarkable correlations were identified between flowering and E7 or E1, between maturity and E4 or E7 and between plant height and Dt1 or E4. The study demonstrated high applicability of this PCR array for molecular selection of soybean towards adaptation to Central Europe, designating recessive qPHD1 and dominant Dt1, E3, and E4 alleles as major targets to align soybean growth season requirements with the length of the frost-free period, improve plant performance, and increase yield.
Dataset for unrevealing the application of multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index and multi-trait index based on factor analysis and ideotype-design models in the identification of high-yielding and stable barley genotypes
Introdukcja genów odporności na choroby i owady oraz męskiej sterylności z pokrewnych gatunków rodzaju Brassica do rzepaku (Brassica napus L.)
Phytochemical, GC-MS Analysis and Acute Toxicity Evaluation of Algerian Ocimum basilicum L. in Rats
Comparison of Six Measures of Genetic Similarity of Interspecific Brassicaceae Hybrids F2 Generation and Their Parental Forms Estimated on the Basis of ISSR Markers
Genetic similarity determines the extent to which two genotypes share common genetic material. It can be measured in various ways, such as by comparing DNA sequences, proteins, or other genetic markers. The significance of genetic similarity is multifaceted and encompasses various fields, including evolutionary biology, medicine, forensic science, animal and plant breeding, and anthropology. Genetic similarity is an important concept with wide application across different scientific disciplines. The research material included 21 rapeseed genotypes (ten interspecific Brassicaceae hybrids of F2 generation and 11 of their parental forms) and 146 alleles obtained using 21 ISSR molecular markers. In the presented study, six measures for calculating genetic similarity were compared: Euclidean, Jaccard, Kulczyński, Sokal and Michener, Nei, and Rogers. Genetic similarity values were estimated between all pairs of examined genotypes using the six measures proposed above. For each genetic similarity measure, the average, minimum, maximum values, and coefficient of variation were calculated. Correlation coefficients between the genetic similarity values obtained from each measure were determined. The obtained genetic similarity coefficients were used for the hierarchical clustering of objects using the unweighted pair group method with an arithmetic mean. A multiple regression model was written for each method, where the independent variables were the remaining methods. For each model, the coefficient of multiple determination was calculated. Genetic similarity values ranged from 0.486 to 0.993 (for the Euclidean method), from 0.157 to 0.986 (for the Jaccard method), from 0.275 to 0.993 (for the Kulczyński method), from 0.272 to 0.993 (for the Nei method), from 0.801 to 1.000 (for the Rogers method) and from 0.486 to 0.993 (for the Sokal and Michener method). The results indicate that the research material was divided into two identical groups using any of the proposed methods despite differences in the values of genetic similarity coefficients. Two of the presented measures of genetic similarity (the Sokal and Michener method and the Euclidean method) were the same.
Introdukcja genów odporności na choroby i owady oraz męskiej sterylności z pokrewnych gatunków rodzaju Brassica do rzepaku (Brassica napus L.)
Greenly Synthesized Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles (MnO NPs) In Tumor Therapy: A Narrative Review
One of the most destructive diseases of the twenty-first century is cancer, which has raised serious concerns among medical professionals and academics. To win the battle against cancer, a variety of therapy modalities are being investigated. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the leading fields of the science having tremendous application in diverse disciplines (9). It employs knowledge from the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, health sciences, and engineering (10). In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in nanotechnology applications to medicine in order to prevent and treat diseases in the human body (11). In the past two decades, manganese oxide nanomaterials (MONs) and their derivatives have attracted a growing attention for applications in bioimaging, biosensing, drug/gene delivery, and tumor therapy thanks to the tunable structures/morphologies, unique physical/chemical properties and excellent biosecurity. Green synthesis of MnNPs using raw materials, vegetables and fruits, plant extracts, microorganisms and fungi has advantages of non-toxic, environmentally friendly, clean and low-cost. Given the variety of their mechanisms, green produced MnNPs are a prospective source of new anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds. By activating apoptotic signal transduction pathways or inhibiting angiogenic signaling in cancer cells, MnNPs showed anti-proliferative activity against colon, liver, cervical, breast, melanoma, and prostate cancer cells. For the treatment of cancer, metal nanotherapy like MnO NPs are given research consideration. Manganese oxide plays a role as a drug carrier by improving retention and tissue penetration. MnOx NPs have been suggested to possess enzyme-like activities, including oxidase, peroxidase, catalase, SOD, and glutathione peroxidase. The biocompatibility obtained by green synthesis points to its potential usage not just in particular cancer conditions but also in other types of cancer with no risk of these compounds' toxicity. These therapeutic strategies might prove helpful not only in these particular cancer cases but also in other proliferative disorders. Due to the low risk of toxicity of these compounds, the biocompatibility obtained through green synthesis suggests its potential use in various biomedical applications.
Ocimum basilicum L. leaves extract-mediated green synthesis of MnO NPs: Phytochemical profile, characterization, catalytic and thrombolytic activities
Ocimum basilicum L. extract-loaded liposomes ameliorate metribuzin-induced pulmonary and cardiac dysfunction in Wistar Albino rats
The objective was to develop liposomes as a new drug delivery system (NDDS) containing basil extract and to investigate their therapeutic and protective effects against toxicity caused by exposure to metribuzin in the lungs and heart. For in vivo study, 24 male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6), control group, metribuzin-treated group, Basil extract-treated group (BE) and Basil extract liposomes-treated group (BE-LPs). The weight gain of each organ was measured. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathion peroxidase (GPx), Glutation S transferase (GSTs), Catalase (CAT), Reduced Glutathion (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in lugs and heart were measured in order to evaluate oxidative stress status. The tissue histology of the organs was examined. Various biochemical parameters and inflammation markers were estimated. Results of the in vivo rats' study showed that treatment with metribuzin induced increase in organs weight, oxidative stress, biochemical toxicity, inflammation, and histological changes in the lungs and heart, as well as a significant amelioration of BE and BE-LPs against the toxic effects induced by metribuzin by reversing all of the previous parameters. In conclusion, the application of BE-LPs appears to be effective in addressing the issues of oxidative stress and inflammation caused by metribuzin in the lungs and heart.
DArTseq-Based, High-Throughput Identification of Novel Molecular Markers for the Detection of Blackleg (Leptosphaeria Spp.) Resistance in Rapeseed
Blackleg disease, caused by Leptosphaeria spp. fungi, is one of the most important diseases of Brassica napus, responsible for severe yield losses worldwide. Blackleg resistance is controlled by major R genes and minor quantitative trait loci (QTL). Due to the high adaptation ability of the pathogen, R-mediated resistance can be easily broken, while the resistance mediated via QTL is believed to be more durable. Thus, the identification of novel molecular markers linked to blackleg resistance for B. napus breeding programs is essential. In this study, 183 doubled haploid (DH) rapeseed lines were assessed in field conditions for resistance to Leptosphaeria spp. Subsequently, DArTseq-based Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) was performed to identify molecular markers linked to blackleg resistance. A total of 133,764 markers (96,121 SilicoDArT and 37,643 SNP) were obtained. Finally, nine SilicoDArT and six SNP molecular markers were associated with plant resistance to Leptosphaeria spp. at the highest significance level, p < 0.001. Importantly, eleven of these fifteen markers were found within ten genes located on chromosomes A06, A07, A08, C02, C03, C06 and C08. Given the immune-related functions of the orthologues of these genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, the identified markers hold great promise for application in rapeseed breeding programs.
GC-MS Analysis and Quantification of Some Secondary Metabolites of the Algerian Phragmites australis Leaf Extract and Their Biological Activities
Biosynthesis of CuNP Using Phragmites australis Rhizomes: Biological Activity and Cytotoxicity Against MCF-7 Cell Line
Ocimum basilicum L. : A Systematic Review on Pharmacological Actions and Molecular Docking Studies for Anticancer Properties
Cross-talk between stability parameters and selection models: a new procedure for improving the identification of the superior genotypes in multi-environment trials
Novel and Facile Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Phragmites australis Leaves and Evaluation of their Antioxidant, Antihemolytic, Anti-inflammatory, and Anticancer Effects
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Model for the Classification of Varieties of Date Palm Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
The popularity and demand for high-quality date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) have been growing, and their quality largely depends on the type of handling, storage, and processing methods. The current methods of geometric evaluation and classification of date palm fruits are characterised by high labour intensity and are usually performed mechanically, which may cause additional damage and reduce the quality and value of the product. Therefore, non-contact methods are being sought based on image analysis, with digital solutions controlling the evaluation and classification processes. The main objective of this paper is to develop an automatic classification model for varieties of date palm fruits using a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on two fundamental criteria, i.e., colour difference and evaluation of geometric parameters of dates. A CNN with a fixed architecture was built, marked as DateNET, consisting of a system of five alternating Conv2D, MaxPooling2D, and Dropout classes. The validation accuracy of the model presented in this study depended on the selection of classification criteria. It was 85.24% for fruit colour-based classification and 87.62% for the geometric parameters only; however, it increased considerably to 93.41% when both the colour and geometry of dates were considered.
Improving the Selection Efficiency of Breeding Material within Interspecific Brassicaceae Hybrids with Genomic Prediction and Phenotyping
Various molecular markers can be applied to accelerate the breeding process of Brassicaceae plants. The aim of the present study was to assess the usefulness of available markers connected to blackleg resistance and to screen for markers linked to genes influencing major morphological characteristics, suitable for the further selection of Brassicaceae hybrids. Combining the field and molecular results allowed for the selection of useful SSR markers, including mstg004 and mstg027 markers connected to the color of the flowers and marker mstg038 associated with stem color. The field trails were also conducted to investigate the level of blackleg resistance, which permitted the selection of rapeseed hybrids with B. fruticulosa, B. carinata, and S. alba exhibiting the lowest infestation. Furthermore, the functionality of some of the resistance-linked markers was confirmed. The importance of interspecific hybridization and the use of marker-assisted selection are discussed, and the high utility of presented markers in further studies is highlighted.
