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Introdukcja genów odporności na choroby i owady oraz męskiej sterylności z pokrewnych gatunków rodzaju Brassica do rzepaku (Brassica napus L.)
Quantifying Genetic Parameters for Blackleg Resistance in Rapeseed: A Comparative Study
Selection is a fundamental part of the plant breeding process, enabling the identification and development of varieties with desirable traits. Thanks to advances in genetics and biotechnology, the selection process has become more precise and efficient, resulting in faster breeding progress and better adaptation of crops to environmental challenges. Genetic parameters related to gene additivity and epistasis play a key role and can influence decisions on the suitability of breeding material. In this study, 188 rapeseed doubled haploid lines were assessed in field conditions for resistance to Leptosphaeria spp. Through next-generation sequencing, a total of 133,764 molecular markers (96,121 SilicoDArT and 37,643 SNP) were obtained. The similarity of the DH lines at the phenotypic and genetic levels was calculated. The results indicate that the similarity at the phenotypic level was markedly different from the similarity at the genetic level. Genetic parameters related to additive gene action effects and epistasis (double and triple) were calculated using two methods: based on phenotypic observations only and using molecular marker observations. All evaluated genetic parameters (additive, additive-additive and additive-additive-additive) were statistically significant for both estimation methods. The parameters associated with the interaction (double and triple) had opposite signs depending on the estimation method.
Ocimum basilicum L. extract-loaded liposomes ameliorate metribuzin-induced pulmonary and cardiac dysfunction in Wistar Albino rats
The objective was to develop liposomes as a new drug delivery system (NDDS) containing basil extract and to investigate their therapeutic and protective effects against toxicity caused by exposure to metribuzin in the lungs and heart. For in vivo study, 24 male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6), control group, metribuzin-treated group, Basil extract-treated group (BE) and Basil extract liposomes-treated group (BE-LPs). The weight gain of each organ was measured. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathion peroxidase (GPx), Glutation S transferase (GSTs), Catalase (CAT), Reduced Glutathion (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in lugs and heart were measured in order to evaluate oxidative stress status. The tissue histology of the organs was examined. Various biochemical parameters and inflammation markers were estimated. Results of the in vivo rats' study showed that treatment with metribuzin induced increase in organs weight, oxidative stress, biochemical toxicity, inflammation, and histological changes in the lungs and heart, as well as a significant amelioration of BE and BE-LPs against the toxic effects induced by metribuzin by reversing all of the previous parameters. In conclusion, the application of BE-LPs appears to be effective in addressing the issues of oxidative stress and inflammation caused by metribuzin in the lungs and heart.
Brassica napus haploid and double haploid production and its latest applications
Rapeseed is one of the most important oil crops in the world. Increasing demand for oil and limited agronomic capabilities of present-day rapeseed result in the need for rapid development of new, superior cultivars. Double haploid (DH) technology is a fast and convenient approach in plant breeding as well as genetic research. Brassica napus is considered a model species for DH production based on microspore embryogenesis; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying microspore reprogramming are still vague. It is known that morphological changes are accompanied by gene and protein expression patterns, alongside carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Novel, more efficient methods for DH rapeseed production have been reported. This review covers new findings and advances in Brassica napus DH production as well as the latest reports related to agronomically important traits in molecular studies employing the double haploid rapeseed lines.
Dataset for unrevealing the application of multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index and multi-trait index based on factor analysis and ideotype-design models in the identification of high-yielding and stable barley genotypes
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Model for the Classification of Varieties of Date Palm Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
The popularity and demand for high-quality date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) have been growing, and their quality largely depends on the type of handling, storage, and processing methods. The current methods of geometric evaluation and classification of date palm fruits are characterised by high labour intensity and are usually performed mechanically, which may cause additional damage and reduce the quality and value of the product. Therefore, non-contact methods are being sought based on image analysis, with digital solutions controlling the evaluation and classification processes. The main objective of this paper is to develop an automatic classification model for varieties of date palm fruits using a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on two fundamental criteria, i.e., colour difference and evaluation of geometric parameters of dates. A CNN with a fixed architecture was built, marked as DateNET, consisting of a system of five alternating Conv2D, MaxPooling2D, and Dropout classes. The validation accuracy of the model presented in this study depended on the selection of classification criteria. It was 85.24% for fruit colour-based classification and 87.62% for the geometric parameters only; however, it increased considerably to 93.41% when both the colour and geometry of dates were considered.
Greenly Synthesized Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles (MnO NPs) In Tumor Therapy: A Narrative Review
One of the most destructive diseases of the twenty-first century is cancer, which has raised serious concerns among medical professionals and academics. To win the battle against cancer, a variety of therapy modalities are being investigated. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the leading fields of the science having tremendous application in diverse disciplines (9). It employs knowledge from the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, health sciences, and engineering (10). In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in nanotechnology applications to medicine in order to prevent and treat diseases in the human body (11). In the past two decades, manganese oxide nanomaterials (MONs) and their derivatives have attracted a growing attention for applications in bioimaging, biosensing, drug/gene delivery, and tumor therapy thanks to the tunable structures/morphologies, unique physical/chemical properties and excellent biosecurity. Green synthesis of MnNPs using raw materials, vegetables and fruits, plant extracts, microorganisms and fungi has advantages of non-toxic, environmentally friendly, clean and low-cost. Given the variety of their mechanisms, green produced MnNPs are a prospective source of new anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds. By activating apoptotic signal transduction pathways or inhibiting angiogenic signaling in cancer cells, MnNPs showed anti-proliferative activity against colon, liver, cervical, breast, melanoma, and prostate cancer cells. For the treatment of cancer, metal nanotherapy like MnO NPs are given research consideration. Manganese oxide plays a role as a drug carrier by improving retention and tissue penetration. MnOx NPs have been suggested to possess enzyme-like activities, including oxidase, peroxidase, catalase, SOD, and glutathione peroxidase. The biocompatibility obtained by green synthesis points to its potential usage not just in particular cancer conditions but also in other types of cancer with no risk of these compounds' toxicity. These therapeutic strategies might prove helpful not only in these particular cancer cases but also in other proliferative disorders. Due to the low risk of toxicity of these compounds, the biocompatibility obtained through green synthesis suggests its potential use in various biomedical applications.
Ocimum basilicum L. : A Systematic Review on Pharmacological Actions and Molecular Docking Studies for Anticancer Properties
Impact of simulated acid rains on leakage of mineral elements from foliage of conifers and monocotyledons – adaptability matters
Genetic Relationship of Brassicaceae Hybrids with Various Resistance to Blackleg Is Disclosed by the Use of Molecular Markers
Brassica napus is an important oil source. Its narrow gene pool can be widened by interspecific hybridization with the Brassicaceae species. One of the agronomically important traits, that can be transferred through the hybridization, is the resistance to blackleg, a dangerous disease mainly caused by Leptosphaeria maculans. Hybrid individuals can be analyzed with various molecular markers, including Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). We investigated the genetic similarity of 32 Brassicaceae hybrids and 19 parental components using SSR markers to reveal their genetic relationship. Furthermore, we compared the field resistance to blackleg of the interspecific progenies. The tested set of 15 SSR markers proved to be useful in revealing the genetic distances in the Brassicaceae hybrids and species. However, genetic similarity of the studied hybrids could not be correlated with the level of field resistance to L. maculans. Moreover, our studies confirmed the usefulness of the Brassicaceae hybrids in terms of blackleg management.
Introdukcja genów odporności na choroby i owady oraz męskiej sterylności z pokrewnych gatunków rodzaju Brassica do rzepaku (Brassica napus L.)
DArTseq-Based, High-Throughput Identification of Novel Molecular Markers for the Detection of Blackleg (Leptosphaeria Spp.) Resistance in Rapeseed
Blackleg disease, caused by Leptosphaeria spp. fungi, is one of the most important diseases of Brassica napus, responsible for severe yield losses worldwide. Blackleg resistance is controlled by major R genes and minor quantitative trait loci (QTL). Due to the high adaptation ability of the pathogen, R-mediated resistance can be easily broken, while the resistance mediated via QTL is believed to be more durable. Thus, the identification of novel molecular markers linked to blackleg resistance for B. napus breeding programs is essential. In this study, 183 doubled haploid (DH) rapeseed lines were assessed in field conditions for resistance to Leptosphaeria spp. Subsequently, DArTseq-based Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) was performed to identify molecular markers linked to blackleg resistance. A total of 133,764 markers (96,121 SilicoDArT and 37,643 SNP) were obtained. Finally, nine SilicoDArT and six SNP molecular markers were associated with plant resistance to Leptosphaeria spp. at the highest significance level, p < 0.001. Importantly, eleven of these fifteen markers were found within ten genes located on chromosomes A06, A07, A08, C02, C03, C06 and C08. Given the immune-related functions of the orthologues of these genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, the identified markers hold great promise for application in rapeseed breeding programs.
Biosynthesis of CuNP Using Phragmites australis Rhizomes: Biological Activity and Cytotoxicity Against MCF-7 Cell Line
Cross-talk between stability parameters and selection models: a new procedure for improving the identification of the superior genotypes in multi-environment trials
Improving the Selection Efficiency of Breeding Material within Interspecific Brassicaceae Hybrids with Genomic Prediction and Phenotyping
Various molecular markers can be applied to accelerate the breeding process of Brassicaceae plants. The aim of the present study was to assess the usefulness of available markers connected to blackleg resistance and to screen for markers linked to genes influencing major morphological characteristics, suitable for the further selection of Brassicaceae hybrids. Combining the field and molecular results allowed for the selection of useful SSR markers, including mstg004 and mstg027 markers connected to the color of the flowers and marker mstg038 associated with stem color. The field trails were also conducted to investigate the level of blackleg resistance, which permitted the selection of rapeseed hybrids with B. fruticulosa, B. carinata, and S. alba exhibiting the lowest infestation. Furthermore, the functionality of some of the resistance-linked markers was confirmed. The importance of interspecific hybridization and the use of marker-assisted selection are discussed, and the high utility of presented markers in further studies is highlighted.
Introdukcja genów odporności na choroby i owady oraz męskiej sterylności z pokrewnych gatunków rodzaju Brassica do rzepaku (Brassica napus L.)
Novel Brassica hybrids with different resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans reveal unbalanced rDNA signal patterns
AbstractHybridization ofBrassica napuswith various Brassicaceae species can result in obtaining new forms with increased resistance to blackleg, a dangerous disease caused mainly byLeptosphaeria maculans. In this study, we aimed to correlate the field resistance of selectedBrassicahybrids to blackleg with chromosomal structure revealed by Fluorescencein situhybridization. Tested genotypes varied in the number of chromosomes and rDNA signals. The greatest variation was observed for A1-type chromosomes. Field evaluation also revealed significant differences inL. maculansresistance. Performed analyses allowed to distinguish threeB. napus×Brassica fruticulosagenotypes in which variable patterns of chromosomal structure might be connected to field resistance. However, a more thorough study, including the detection of all A-genome chromosomes, is required.
